The invention relates to a variable damping control and buffering system, which belongs to the technical field of hydraulic buffering, and includes a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder, as well as a base pressure regulating valve, a first pressure regulating valve, a second pressure regulating valve, a first one-way valve, a second one-way valve, a first one-way overflow valve and a second one-way overflow valve, wherein a second hydraulic cylinder rodless cavity, a first hydraulic cylinder rod chamber, the first pressure regulating valve, the first one-way valve, the base pressure regulating valve, the first one-way overflow valve, a second hydraulic cylinder rod chamber, a first hydraulic cylinder rodless cavity are sequentially connected in series to form a first oil circuit; and the first hydraulic cylinder rodless cavity, the second hydraulic cylinder rod chamber, the second pressure regulating valve, the second one-way valve, the base pressure regulating valve, the second one-way overflow valve, the first hydraulic cylinder rod chamber and the second hydraulic cylinder rodless cavity are sequentially connected in series through a pipeline to form a second oil circuit. The variable damping control and buffering system has unique design, convenience for maintenance, capability of damping regulation and control, and the functions of locking and safety protection.