859results about How to "Reduce switching" patented technology

A write element for use in perpendicular magnetic recording. The write element including a write pole and a self aligned wrap around shield that can have a trailing shield gap thickness that is different from its side shield gap thickness. The materials making up the trailing shield gap and the side shield gaps can be different materials or can be the same material deposited in two different steps. The side or wrap around portions of the trailing shield can extend down to the level of the leading edge of the write pole or can terminate at some point between the levels of the leading and trailing edge to form a partial wrap around trailing shield.

A circuit for matching the impedance of an output load to an active device includes a transformer including a first winding having a terminal for coupling to the output of the active device and a second winding electromagnetically coupled to the first winding, and a plurality of taps, each of the plurality of taps having a first end coupled to a position on the second winding corresponding to a ratio of the second winding to first winding differing from other ones of the plurality of taps, and a second end. The matching circuit further includes a plurality of MEMS switches each having a control input for receiving a corresponding control signal, a first terminal coupled to the second end of a corresponding one of the plurality of taps, and a switched output selectively coupled to a matching junction in response to the corresponding control signal.

A novel and useful apparatus for and method of advertising multiple security profiles in wireless local area networks (WLANs). The security profile advertisement mechanism of the present invention advertises all configured security profiles by sending unsolicited 802.11 management probe response frames to the broadcast MAC address for available security profile. The access points sends these unsolicited probe response frames periodically, such as with the Beacon period. The conventional management application in the stations receives unsolicited advertisements of multiple SSIDs and perform a passive scanning process to obtain a list of BSSs available on the radio channel. The station can then display a list of all detected SSID advertisements to the user. The user of the station thus obtains information on all security profiles available on the access point without requiring any prior knowledge of specific SSIDs.

A magnetic device includes a magnetic reference layer with a fixed magnetization direction located either in the plane of the layer or perpendicular to the plane of the layer, a magnetic storage layer with a variable magnetization direction, a non-magnetic spacer separating the reference layer and the storage layer and a magnetic spin polarizing layer with a magnetization perpendicular to that of the reference layer, and located out of the plane of the spin polarizing layer if the magnetization of the reference layer is directed in the plane of the reference layer or in the plane of the spin polarizing layer if the magnetization of the reference layer is directed perpendicular to the plane of the reference layer. The spin transfer coefficient between the reference layer and the storage layer is higher than the spin transfer coefficient between the spin polarizing layer and the storage layer.

The present invention provides systems and methods for programming connections through a multi-stage switch fabric. The present invention utilizes load-balancing, blocking recovery, background rebalancing, and rollback algorithms to select and manage connection balance on center stage switches in the multi-stage switch fabric for new and modified connections. The load-balancing algorithm attempts to spread the multi-connection slices across center stage switches as evenly as possible, to increase the probability that future multi-connection slices can be added without needing to rearrange existing slices. Advantageously, the present invention is efficient by making the best possible local decision for one multi-connection slice at a time, without considering other multi-connection slices that may also need center switch assignments. Additionally blocking recovery, rollback and background rebalancing features are also supported.

A network handler uses a DMA device to assign packets to network processors in accordance with a mapping function which classifies packets based on its content, e.g., bits in one or more header fields. Preferably, the mapping function is implemented as a hash function, which uses a predetermined number of bits from packet as inputs. The result of this function specifies the processor to which the packet is assigned. To make implementation manageable in a high-traffic environment, each processor may be equipped with a queue, which holds pointer information. Such a pointer provides an indication of the area in memory where incoming packet resides. The network handler is particularly useful in a Fibre Channel environment, where the hash function may be implemented to assign all packets from the same sequence to the same processor, thereby resulting in improved processing efficiency.

A method for realizing content filtering gateway based on network filter includes realizing network content analysis and real time monitor as well as realizing purpose of filtering application layer information at network layer based on Linux system platform, utilizing network filter Net-filter frame to carry out collection and filtering on data packet under kernel state for optimizing network path of data packet and for raising collection efficiency of data, furthermore using shared internal memory technique of user space and kernel space to submit session content from kernel state to content filtering module of user state.

Methods (100) are provided for fabricating a ferroelectric capacitor in a semiconductor device wafer, comprising forming (118) a lower electrode, depositing (126) PZT ferroelectric material on the lower electrode at a temperature below 450 degrees C., and forming (128) an upper electrode on the PZT. Methods are also provided for fabricating a ferroelectric memory cell in a semiconductor device wafer, comprising forming (106) a transistor in the wafer, forming (108) a nickel silicide structure on the gate or a source / drain of the transistor, forming (110) a dielectric over the transistor, forming (112) a conductive contact extending through the dielectric to the silicide structure, forming (114, 116, 118, 120) a lower electrode on at least a portion of the conductive contact, forming (126) PZT ferroelectric material above and in contact with the lower electrode at a temperature below 450 degrees C., forming (128, 132) an upper electrode above and in contact with the PZT, and patterning (134) the upper electrode, the PZT, and the lower electrode to form a patterned ferroelectric capacitor.

A voltage boost power converter circuit, having an input inductor, active switch, and a transformer having primary, secondary and auxiliary windings. A clamping capacitor and a first passive switch are in series across the primary winding. The auxiliary winding and a second passive switch are in series, connected to the node between the clamping capacitor and first passive switch. The active switch is connected between ground the primary winding. A bulk capacitor forms a series loop including the active switch and primary winding. The method efficiently resets a the transformer, by transferring power to a load through the primary winding, and discharging a clamping capacitor through a separate inductively linked winding of the transformer during an ON state; and clamping the active switch voltage with the clamping capacitor, charging the clamping capacitor with a leakage inductance of the transformer, and charging the bulk capacitor during an OFF state.

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) circuits and methods are described for reducing leakage and increasing repaired yield. These objects are accomplished according to the invention by grouping refresh cycles within a single activation of power control, the use of limiting circuits or fuses to mitigate power losses associated with micro-bridging of bit-lines and word-lines, modulating the bit-line voltage at the end of precharge cycles, configuring refresh control circuits to use redundant word-lines in generating additional refresh cycles for redundant rows of memory cells, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, word-line fuses indicate modes of use as: unused, replacement, additional refresh, and replacement with additional refresh. The refresh control circuit utilizes these modes in combination with the X-address stored in the word-line fuses for controlling the generation of additional refresh cycles toward overcoming insufficient data retention intervals in select memory cell rows.

A switching circuit operates with a first operating state and a second operating state. During the first operating state, the switching circuit allows a switching current to linearly increase. During the second operating state, the switching circuit allows the switching current to linearly decrease. A control circuit is coupled to the switching circuit for controlling the switching circuit to operate with the first operating state or the second operating state. A setting circuit generates a threshold signal for the control circuit to ensure that during the first operating state the switching current linearly increases to become higher than or equal to a current value set by the threshold signal. Thereby, the switching current is prevented from linearly decreasing to reverse polarity during the second operating state.

A perpendicular magnetic recording medium is disclosed that achieves improved recordability without deteriorating thermal stability by reducing the switching field. A perpendicular magnetic recording medium of the invention has a first magnetic recording layer and a second magnetic recording layer between with is interposed a coupling layer that ferromagnetically couples the two layers. The first and second magnetic recording layers satisfy an inequality Ku1T1>Ku2T2 in the case where Hk1 >Hk2 and an inequality Ku1T1<Ku2T2 in the case where Hk1<Hk2, where Hk1 and Hk2 are anisotropy magnetic fields, Ku1 and Ku2 are uniaxial anisotropy constants, and T1 and T2 are thicknesses of the first magnetic recording layer and the second recording layer, respectively. An exchange coupling energy between the magnetic recording layers is preferably at least 5×10−3 erg / cm2. Advantageously, the coupling layer is mainly composed of a material selected from V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ta, W, Re, and Ir, and has a thickness of at most 2 nm. At least one of the magnetic recording layers preferably has a granular structure.

A wireless charging device comprises an electronic switch and a transmitting coil (L1) electrically connected with a power source in sequence. A control end of the electronic switch is connected with a transmitting control unit. The wireless charging device further comprises a current limiting resistance (R1) connected in serial with the transmitting coil. The wireless charging device further comprises a compensation capacitor (C1) connected in parallel with the transmitting coil. An insert total electromagnetic coupling structure is further employed for charging. Such wireless charging device is particularly suitable for electronic cigarette, with low cost, stable and reliable working status and high efficiency, and specific heat sink is not required.

Data center network architectures, systems, and methods that can reduce the cost and complexity of data center networks. Such data center network architectures, systems, and methods employ physical optical ring network and multi-dimensional network topologies and optical nodes to efficiently allocate bandwidth within the data center networks, while reducing the physical interconnectivity requirements of the data center networks. The respective optical nodes can be configured to provide various switching topologies, including, but not limited to, chordal ring switching topologies and multi-dimensional chordal ring switching topologies.

A conventional AV data receiving device switches to a key for distribution to an outdoor device when a network environment is switched to an outdoor network environment, thus resulting in high key switching frequency. In view of this, an AV data receiving device according to the present invention determines, after switching the network environment from indoors to outdoors as a result of moving the AV data receiving device, whether or not key switching should be performed, before a command for restricting a hop count on a route from an AV data transmission device located indoors is transmitted, and performs authentication and key exchange processing for outdoor device distribution, so as to switch to the key for outdoor device distribution.

A system and method of providing high speed, prioritized delivery of data packets over broadband communications networks that avoids inducing unwanted latency in data packet transmission. The system employs a hierarchical, real-time, weighted token bucket prioritization scheme that provides for fair sharing of the available network bandwidth. At least one token bucket is employed at each level of the hierarchy to meter data flows providing service applications included in multiple subscribers' service plans. Each token bucket passes, discards, or marks as being eligible for subsequent discarding data packets contained in the data flows using an algorithm that takes into account the priority of the data packets, including strict high, strict medium, and strict low priorities corresponding to strict priority levels that cannot be overridden. The algorithm also takes into account weighted priorities of at least a subset of the low priority data packets. The priority levels of these low priority data packets are weighted to provide for fair sharing of the available network bandwidth among the low priority data flows, and to assure that none of the low priority data flows is starved of service.

A write element for use in perpendicular magnetic recording. The write element including a write pole and a self aligned wrap around shield that can have a trailing shield gap thickness that is different from its side shield gap thickness. The materials making up the trailing shield gap and the side shield gaps can be different materials or can be the same material deposited in two different steps. The side or wrap around portions of the trailing shield can extend down to the level of the leading edge of the write pole or can terminate at some point between the levels of the leading and trailing edge to form a partial wrap around trailing shield.

An optical termination system is provided. The optical termination system includes a working Optical Line Terminal (OLT) that communicates with a plurality of Optical Network Units (ONUs) near end users through an optical transmission line. The OLT includes a control information storage to store control information of the plurality of ONUs. In addition, the optical termination system includes a standby OLT, which includes a storage to store the control information to be transmitted from the working OLT. Furthermore, the optical termination system includes a controller that controls switching from the working OLT to the standby OLT.

A method of constructing a superconducting coil. The method includes embedding a plurality of heater elements throughout a superconducting coil. The heater elements are positioned according to a predetermined distribution and substantially in thermal contact with the coil for heating the coil in response to a quench condition. Other aspects of the invention involve an active protection circuit and a high temperature superconductor magnet that includes such an active protection circuit for internally dissipating stored magnetic energy in the event of a quench.

The present invention minimizes the amount of traffic that traverses the fabric in support of the cache coherency protocol. It also allows rapid transmission of all traffic associated with the cache coherency protocol, so as to minimize latency and maximize performance. A fabric is used to interconnect a number of processing units together. The switches are able to recognize incoming traffic related to the cache coherency protocol and then move these messages to the head of that switch's output queue to insure fast transmission. Also, the traffic related to the cache coherency protocol can interrupt an outgoing message, further reducing latency. The switch incorporates a memory element, dedicated to the cache coherency protocol, which tracks the contents of all of the caches of all of the processors connected to the fabric. In this way, the fabric can selectively transmit traffic only to the processors where it is relevant.

The invention relates to a method for assigning an IP address to a device (116), comprising the following steps: connecting the device (116) to a port (110) of a switch (104), transmitting an identification code (124) of the port (110) from the switch (104) to the device (116), transmitting the identification code (124) of the port (110) from the device (116) to an address server (122), assigning the IP address to the device (116) on the basis of the identification code (124) of the port (110).

The present invention determines the resonant frequency of a sensor by adjusting the phase and frequency of an energizing signal until the frequency of the energizing signal matches the resonant frequency of the sensor. The system energizes the sensor with a low duty cycle, gated burst of RF energy having a predetermined frequency or set of frequencies and a predetermined amplitude. The energizing signal is coupled to the sensor via magnetic coupling and induces a current in the sensor which oscillates at the resonant frequency of the sensor. The system receives the ring down response of the sensor via magnetic coupling and determines the resonant frequency of the sensor, which is used to calculate the measured physical parameter. The system uses a pair of phase locked loops to adjust the phase and the frequency of the energizing signal.

A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) has memory stacks arranged in the X-Y plane on the MRAM substrate, with each memory stack having two memory cells stacked along the Z axis and each memory cell having an associated biasing layer. Each biasing layer reduces the switching field of its associated cell by applying a biasing field along the hard-axis of magnetization of the free layer of its associated cell. The free layers in the two cells in each stack have their in-plane easy axes of magnetization aligned parallel to one another. Each biasing layer has its in-plane magnetization direction oriented perpendicular to the easy axis of magnetization (and thus parallel to the hard axis) of the free layer in its associated cell. The hard-axis biasing fields generated by the two biasing layers are in opposite directions.