The invention discloses a prefabricated building bearing anti-radiation thermal insulation wallboard, which relates to the technical field of prefabricated buildings. The prefabricated building bearing anti-radiation thermal insulation wallboard comprises a first wallboard, a second wallboard is arranged on one side of the first wallboard, a connecting plate is fixedly connected to one side, whichis close to the first wall board, of the second wall board, the upper surface of the connecting plate is provided with a limit hole, an adjusting mechanism is arranged on the top of the first wallboard, a guide mechanism is arranged in the first wallboard, a filling mechanism is arranged in the second wallboard, the adjusting mechanism comprises a first recessgroove, a drawingtension plate, a second grooverecess, first springs, a handle, and a limit rod, the filling mechanism comprises a cavity, a stressed plate, second springs, and a buffer board, the guide mechanism comprises a through hole, slide waychutes, a socketslot, a limit grooverecess, rollerpulleys, and a slide rod, and the top ends of the first springs are fixedly connected to the bottom of the drawingtension plate. The prefabricated building bearing anti-radiation thermal insulation wallboard has the advantages of high assembly efficiency, radiation-proofness and thermal insulation.