The invention discloses an inspection robot target positioning method based on a deep learning framework, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, configuring an equipment tree in a robot inspection scene, dividing equipment types, and carrying out tree classification on each piece of equipment; and S2, collecting and manufacturing a sample image of each leaf node type device, and performing sample reproduction on the device image. According to the invention, a function of deploying the deep learning algorithm in the inspection robot visual module is realized. The method and the device are used for realizing accurate positioning of target equipment in acquired real-time images. Various devices in various scenes can be adapted. The problem of robot inspection task errors caused byequipment positioning errors in a previous method is effectively solved, a large amount of manual configuration work is liberated, the efficiency and quality of robot inspection work are improved, theworking intensity of on-site workers is effectively reduced, and the configuration work of existing template images is greatly reduced.