194results about How to "Low index" patented technology

This invention provides methods for determining drug specificity, therapeutic index and effective doses for individual patients. According to the methods of the invention, graded levels of drug are applied to a biological sample or a patient. A plurality of cellular constituents are measured to determine the activity of the drug on a target pathway and at least one off-target pathway. A drug specificity is determined by comparing the target and off target activities of the drug. A therapeutic concentration (or dose) is defined as a concentration (or dose) of the drug that induces certain response in the target pathway. A toxic concentration (or dose) is defined as a concentration (or dose) of the drug that induces certain response in the off target pathway. Therapeutic index is the ratio of the toxic concentration over therapeutic concentration. Methods are also provided to determine an effective dose of a drug for a patient by measuring the activity of the drug on the particular patient.

The present invention relates to method of sustained-delivery of an active drug to a posterior part of an eye of a mammal to treat or prevent a disease or condition affecting said mammal, wherein said disease or condition can be treated or prevented by the action of said active drug upon said posterior part of the eye, comprising administering an effective amount of an ester prodrug of the active drug subconjunctivally or periocularly. Preferably, the active drug is more than about 10 times as active as the prodrug. Other aspects of this invention deal with the treatment of certain diseases by the periocular or subconjunctival delivery of an ester prodrug, and certain pharmaceutical products containing ester prodrugs for periocular or subconjunctival administration.

A gradient index lens for electromagnetic radiation includes a dielectric substrate, a plurality of conducting patches supported by the dielectric substrate, the conducting patches preferably being generally square shaped and having an edge length, the edge length of the conducting patches varying with position on the dielectric substrate so as to provide a gradient index for the electromagnetic radiation. Examples include gradient index lenses for millimeter wave radiation, and use with antenna systems.

Substantially uniform hydration and dispersion of high amounts of protein and fiber are achieved while avoiding lump formation, hard textures, and off-tastes in the continuous, mass production of high protein and high fiber content sheetable doughs, and baked goods such as crackers, snacks, and cookies made from the sheeted doughs, by hydrating the protein and fiber with water at a temperature below the denaturization temperature of the proteins, and steaming the hydrated mixture without substantial gelatinization of starch during dough production. The steamed, hydrated mass may be admixed with ingredients comprising at least one flour comprising starch to obtain a dough while avoiding substantial gelatinization of starch of the at least one flour during mixing. The baked goods may have a protein content of at least about 4 g, a fiber content of at least about 4 g, and a whole grain flour content of at least about 4 g per 30 g serving.

Retort liners and containers including a container body such as a bottle or jar, a closure, and the retort liner, wherein the retort liners exhibit attractive properties such as low compression set under retort conditions, desirable adhesion to a polymeric closure such as a cap or lid, and beneficial oxygen barrier properties. In particular, the retort liners are thermoplastic elastomers formed from compositions including one or more styrenic block copolymers, one or more polyolefins and a softener. In a preferred embodiment, the retortable containers are all plastic packages, wherein the bottle or jar and the closure are thermoplastic compositions and the liner is a thermoplastic elastomer composition.

A method has been disclosed of preparing ultrafine hydrophobic latex particles of polymers and copolymers by free radical emulsion polymerization in a water-based system, making use therefor, in order to polymerize or copolymerize monomers or monomer mixtures respectively, of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of dimers and cobalt complexes, acting as a chain transfer agent (CTA), wherein said latex particles have an average particle size of less than 100 nm, being more than 10% lower than if prepared in the absence of said CTA, characterized in that said polymerization is conducted in a water-based reaction in the presence of a chain transfer agent and of a surfactant, wherein said surfactant is present in a concentration versus said monomer or monomer mixture of from 5 up to 25% by weight for a non-ionic surfactant or from 0.05 up to 10% by weight for an ionic surfactant, more particularly a surfactant in a concentration below twice its critical micelle concentration.

The present invention relates to non sweet food binder composition. Particularly, the food binder composition can be used in the preparation of savory snack bars, savory nutritional bars, or in savory food products used as snack or meal replacement, containing varied levels of protein, fiber, minerals, vitamins and other bioactive substances or nutritional supplements.

A branched dextrin insusceptible to digestion and having a low osmotic pressure, as well as a method for producing such a branched dextrin is provided. The branched dextrin characterized by having a structure wherein glucose or isomalto oligosaccharide is linked to a non-reducing terminal of a dextrin through an α-1,6 glucosidic bond and having a DE of 10 to 52. A method characterized in that, in a method for producing a branched dextrin by allowing maltose-generating amylase and transglucosidase to act on an aqueous dextrin solution, the maltose-generating amylase and transglucosidase are adjusted so as to attain an enzyme unit ratio of 2:1 to 44:1 and allowed to act.

The invention relates to a process of coating inorganic particles with organic compositions, and agglomerating, compacting and heating of the coated particles into granules. Coating and compacting the agglomeration may be conducted continuously, and may be used to form granules having sizes ranging from about 1 to about 200 mesh. In one embodiment, these particles can be used to purify drinking water by removing heavy metals such as arsenic, lead and mercury and to remove or kill microorganisms in the drinking water, air and gas.

A novel PE material is devised showing excellent mechanical/optical properties and process ability, e.g. for film extrusion. The polyethylene of the invention is produced in one single e.g. gas phase reactor.

The instant invention provides microspheres and related processes and pharmaceutical compositions useful in the controlled delivery of a wide variety of active ingredients. In one embodiment, the microspheres comprise an active ingredient dispersed within a polymeric composition comprising a first pH insensitive hydrophobic polymer and second pH sensitive hydrophobic polymer, wherein the microspheres, in an aqueous environment having a pH of around 5 or greater, release the active ingredient in a substantially zero-order profile. In another embodiment, the microspheres comprise an active ingredient dispersed within a polymeric composition comprising a first pH insensitive hydrophobic polymer and second water-swellable polymer, wherein the microspheres, in an aqueous environment, release the active ingredient in a substantially zero-order profile. In both of these embodiments, the microspheres are prepared by a non-aqueous emulsion solvent evaporation method.

A novel PE material is devised showing excellent mechanical/optical properties and process ability, e.g. for film extrusion. The polyethylene of the invention is produced in one single e.g. gas phase reactor.

A film is provided for use in a cassette. Preferably, the cassette is used in a waste disposal system. The film is a high density polyethylene film resin having both a low melt index and a high density, thereby providing improved odor control capabilities and enhanced tear strength and assembly strength.

High-energy pulses of femtosecond lasers form cladding portions of waveguides in bulk glass by producing localized reductions in refractive index. The cladding portions written by the high-energy pulses circumscribe unexposed core portions for defining light-guiding pathways in the bulk glass.

The present invention relates to a novel ligand compound, a transition metal compound, and a catalytic composition including the same. The novel ligand compound and the transition metal compound of the present invention are useful as a polymerization reaction catalyst in preparing an olefin-based polymer having low density. In addition, an olefin polymer polymerized using a catalytic composition including the transition metal compound is capable of being prepared to a high molecular weight product having a low melt index (MI).

Disclosed are an eight-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative (formula I), production method therefor and modified bio-related substance thereby. Wherein, one tetravalent group U together with four trivalent groups E_c form a highly symmetrical octavalent group CORE₀; L_c connects the octavalent group to eight PEG chains having polydispersity or monodispersity and having n₁ to n₈ as the degree of polymerization thereof; the terminal of one PEG chain is connected to at least one functional group F (k≥1); said PEG chain and F therebetween can be directly connected (g=0) or be indirectly connected via a linking group L₀ to a terminal end-branching group G (g=1); the latter provides more reactive sites for binding more drug molecules and increases the drug loading. The eight-arm polyethylene glycol derivative has a centrosymmetric or approximately centrosymmetric structure, and leads to more precise control of the molecular weight in large-scale production and much narrower distribution of molecular weight for products. The modified bio-related substance thereby has a more uniform and controllable performance.

The present invention relates to a trehalulose-containing composition, its preparation and use.

The invention relates to a transparent, flame-retardant, oriented film made from a thermoplastic and whose thickness is from 5 to 300 .mu.m. The film comprises at least one flame retardant and has very good optical and mechanical properties, and also has good orientability and can be produced cost-effectively. The invention further relates to the use of this film and to a process for its production.