The invention relates to a degumming process of raw bamboo fibers, which belongs to the technical field of plant fiber manufacturing. The steps include: pre-treating the bamboo slices and hammering them into filaments, followed by acid immersion, cooking, fermentation, enzymolysis, bleaching, oiling, softening, dehydration, opening and drying to prepare the raw bamboo fibers. The invention adopts the composite process of acid immersion, high-pressure cooking and microbial degumming, synergistic effect is produced between the steps, the degumming effect of the bamboo fiber is improved, and the prepared fiber has the advantages of high degumming efficiency and little damage to the fiber strength.