The invention discloses a straw fiber dividing machine. The straw fiber dividing machine comprises a forced screw feeding device, an abrasive disc decomposition zone, a sliding bearing device, a hydraulic device, a thin oil lubricating device, a telescopic shaft coupling and a main motor, wherein the forced screw feeding device comprises a spiral cylinder, a spiral auger and a non-slip strip; theabrasive disc decomposition zone comprises a shell, a shell end cap, an end cap exiting mechanism, a dividing disc, a moving disc and a material shifting wheel; the sliding bearing device comprises abearing body, a sliding bearing chamber and a sliding bearing shell; the thin oil lubricating device comprises a thin oil station; and the hydraulic device comprises a hydraulic rod, a hydraulic station and a hydraulic engage and retract mechanism. The straw fiber dividing machine has the advantages of small damages to the length of straw fibers, excellent fibrillation effect on the fibers, and adaptation to various plant fiber raw materials.