The invention provides a Bluetooth-based medical information acquisition system. The acquisition system comprises an information acquisition node, an information acquisition terminal, a network server and a monitoring terminal, wherein the information acquisition terminal and the monitoring terminal are connected with the network server respectively; and the information acquisition node is connected with the information acquisition terminal. The invention also provides an acquisition method based on the system. Acquisition, processing, transmission, storage and management of remote medical information are performed by establishing the Bluetooth-based information acquisition system, so that remote acquisition of medical information is realized, the state of an illness is monitored in real time, the physiological status of a patient can be monitored conveniently, and the method is particularly suitable for a chronic patient. The medical quality can be obviously improved, the medical cost can be reduced, and broad application range and market space are realized.