The invention relates to an ampoule bottle opening robot. The ampoule bottle opening robot comprises an arm module, an opening module, a conveying module, a clamping module and a base plate. The arm module is mainly used for installation of the opening module and used for adjusting the position and the height of the opening module, can drive the opening module to accomplish the bottle opening working procedure and the recovery working procedure, and comprises a lead screw nut sliding platform, a bottle opening gear shaft, a recovery gear shaft and two U-shaped frames. The opening module is used for polishing the concave neck of each ampoule bottle and breaking the sharp mouth of the corresponding ampoule bottle off, and the polishing process and the breaking process are accomplished through a polishing gear shaft, a set of hinged finger joints and a pair of grinding wheels. The conveying module is used for conveying the ampoule bottles to be opened to the corresponding positions of the opening module, and conveying the opened ampoule bottles to the medicine taking positions, and comprises conveying chains, conveying chain wheels, conveying shafts and a conveying motor. The clamping module is used for tightly clamping the ampoule bottles, comprises clamp bodies, springs and V-shaped blocks, and enables the ampoule bottles to keep stable in the conveying and opening process. The base plate is a base where the whole device is constructed, and is used for placement and installation of the modules.