The invention discloses a system and a method for detecting computer security information based on U disc authentication. The system comprises a data collecting terminal and a data analyzing processor, wherein the data collecting terminal comprises an embedded micro processor, an SDRAM memory module, a FLASH memory module, a serial communication circuit module, a USB interface circuit module, a network card, a touch screen driving circuit module, an authenticated U disc, a touch screen and a power supply managing module; the method comprises the steps of firstly, initializing system parameters; secondly, collecting data and performing encrypted signature; thirdly, securely storing and protecting a data file; fourthly, transporting the data; and fifthly, analyzing and processing the received data with the data analyzing processor to obtain an analytic processing result, and storing and displaying the result. The invention has novel and rational design, convenient implementation, convenient use and operation, high real-time capability and accuracy of data collection and transportation, high monitoring efficiency of the security of the computer, flexible and convenient use, strong practicability and high popularizing and applying values.