The invention discloses an integrated multi-waveband common-path synchronous continuous variable-focus optical system. The optical system comprises a public front fixed group, a public zooming group and a public compensation group which are arranged in sequence along an optical axis, as well as a first group of beam splitter prisms for reflecting visible light and transmitting medium-wave infrared light and long-wave infrared light, and a second group of beam splitter prisms for reflecting long-wave infrared light and transmitting medium-wave infrared light. A common-caliber, common-path and common-variable-focus form is adopted, a visible waveband, a medium-wave waveband and a long-wave infrared waveband are zoomed synchronously and continuously along with the movement of the public zooming group in a zooming process, and the three wavebands are of the same focal lengths, zooming ratios and visual fields, thereby realizing synchronous observation, synchronous tracking and synchronous measurement of a target in the visible waveband, the medium-wave waveband and the long-wave infrared waveband. When different wavebands are needed for observing, path switching and new search of the target are unnecessary, thereby increasing the reaction speed of the optical system and preventing loss of a target moving at a high speed during path switching.