The invention discloses a method for achieving natural mating and spawning of acipenser dabryanus through artificial control. Natural spawning, natural spermiation and male and female synchronous development and maturation are achieved through artificial control technical measures of B ultrasonic parent nondestructive identification, selection of sexually mature fishes, bed material control, water flow control and the like for the first time. The situations that in a traditional method, synthetic auxins are adopted for inducing, egg collecting and semen collecting are conducted by artificially compressing the abdomen, artificial fertilization hurts fish bodies, and artificial selection is conducted are avoided, and a great breakthrough is achieved for acipenser dabryanus protection. By means of the method for achieving natural mating and spawning of the acipenser dabryanus through artificial control, the fertility rate (60%-80%) of the acipenser dabryanus is equivalent to that of artificial propagation, due to the clustering and adhesion action of fertilized eggs, the seedling hatched rate (20%-50%) is lower than that of artificial propagation, but the survival rate (80%-90%) of later stage culture of hatched fry is higher than that of artificially propagated fry.