The invention discloses a device and method for producing sodium methoxide through recompression of mechanical steam, belonging to the field of energy saving. The device is characterized by comprising an alkali liquor storage tank (2), an alkali liquor pump (3), a sodium methoxide reaction tower (4), a sodium methoxide receiving tank (5), a sodium methoxide pump (6), a methanol rectifying tower (9), a first compressor (10), a second compressor (11), a phase change heat exchanger (12), a diluted methanol reflow pump (13), a methanol buffer tank (14), a methanol reflow pump (15), a diluted methanol receiving tank (16), a diluted methanol conveying pump (17) and a heat exchange jacket (20). According to the device, through additionally arranging the methanol steam compressor (10) and the phase change heat exchanger (12), the latent heat of gas phase methanol on the top of the methanol rectifying tower is recycled, the heat is provided for the methanol rectifying tower (9); and the heat is provided to a chemical synthesis process in the reaction tower by only consuming less steam, and a reboiler and a cooling tower are additionally provided for the rectifying tower, and thus the device is particularly suitable for energy saving and emission reducing reconstruction of an existing device for producing the sodium methoxide.