105results about "Molten electrolytes" patented technology

Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode (C), an anode (A), a separator and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises: (a) a nitrile group-containing compound and (b) a compound having a reaction potential of 4.7V or higher. The lithium secondary battery can prevent the problems caused by a nitrile group-containing compound added to the electrolyte for the purpose of improving high-temperature cycle characteristics and safety (such problems as a battery swelling phenomenon and a drop in recovery capacity under high-temperature (>80° C.) storage conditions), by adding a fluorotoluene compound.

A high temperature battery of one or more cells is disclosed in which each cell is made by holding an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, of different metallic substances, together through a fused flux wetted to an electrode, which fused flux is an electrolyte, to make an anode-to-cathode contact, and the anode-to-cathode contact is heated, by a heat source, to a high temperature above a threshold temperature to generate voltaic voltage, in excess of any thermoelectric voltage; such batteries with electrodes of various configurations are disclosed. The heat-activated flux and electrolyte, such as borax, may have, vegetable-growth ashes or chemical constituents of ashes, such as lithium carbonate, added to the heat-activated flux and electrolyte to catalyze or improve the current-generating capability of the battery. The preferred anode substance is aluminum, and the preferred cathode substance is copper. With the preferred cathode and anode substances and a heat-activated flux and electrolyte of fused borax between the cathode and anode, the open circuit voltage generated per cell when heated increases from 0.05 volts at 304° C. to 1.3 volts at 651° C.; the threshold temperature in this case is 279° C. Also disclosed is means to move the anode metal with respect to the cathode metal, when the heat-activated flux and electrolyte is fluid, for changing the battery characteristics and for replacing depleted heat-activated flux and electrolyte.

A nonaqueous solvent having excellent reduction resistance, which can be applied to an electrolyte solution, is provided. Further, a nonaqueous solvent which can be used in a wide temperature range and applied to an electrolyte solution is provided. Furthermore, a high-performance power storage device is provided. A nonaqueous solvent containing at least an ionic liquid including an alicyclic quaternary ammonium cation having one or more substituents and a counter anion to the alicyclic quaternary ammonium cation, and a freezing-point depressant is provided. A power storage device including the nonaqueous solvent for an electrolyte solution is also provided.

The present invention provides rechargeable electrochemical cells comprising a molten anode, a cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte salt, wherein the electrolyte salt is situated between the molten anode and the cathode during the operation of the electrochemical cell, and the molten anode comprises an aluminum material; also provided are batteries comprising a plurality of such rechargeable electrochemical cells and processes for manufacturing such rechargeable electrochemical cells.

Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode (C), an anode (A), a separator and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises: (a) a nitrile group containing compound and (b) a compound having a reaction potential of 4.7V or higher. The lithium secondary battery can prevent the problems caused by a nitrile group-containing compound added to the electrolyte for the purpose of improving high-temperature cycle characteristics and safety (such problems as a battery swelling phenomenon and a drop in recovery capacity under high-temperature (>80 DEG C) storage conditions), by adding a fluorotoluene compound.

An electrode body for a lithium battery includes a collector electrode, a negative electrode active material layer which is provided to come into contact with one surface of the collector electrode and contains a Li metal or a Li alloy, a soggy sand electrolyte layer that is provided on a side of the negative electrode active material layer which is opposite to a collector electrode side, and an inorganic solid electrolyte layer that is provided on a side of the soggy sand electrolyte layer which is opposite to a negative electrode active material layer side. In the soggy sand electrolyte layer, a plurality of particles is impregnated with an ordinary temperature molten salt electrolyte.

Thermal batteries using molten nitrate electrolytes offer significantly higher cell voltages and marked improvements in energy and power densities over present thermal batteries. However, a major problem is gas-evolution reactions involving the molten nitrate electrolytes. This gassing problem has blocked the advantages offered by thermal batteries using molten nitrates. The solution to this gassing problem is to eliminate the chloride ion contaminates. The most important step in reducing chloride contamination is the avoidance of potassium perchlorate (KClO4) or any other chlorine-containing substances that can decompose to produce chloride ions in any thermal battery component. The Fe+KClO4 pyrotechnic used to activate thermal batteries is a key example. The decomposition of such substances into chloride ions (Cl—) results in passivating-film breakdown and gas-producing reactions with the molten nitrate electrolyte. These reactions largely involve the lithium-component of the anode used in thermal batteries such as Li—Fe (LAN), Li—Si, and Li—Al. The introduction of chloride ions into the nitrate melt via the pyrotechnic materials produces a rapid breakdown of the protective oxide film on lithium-based anodes and leads to gas-producing reactions.

An energy storage device is provided that includes a reservoir in operative communication with a positive electrode such that the positive electrode remains fully flooded, even at the top of the charge cycle. The device more particularly includes a housing receiving therein, in a coaxial manner, an ion conducting member, and a current collector member received coaxially within the ion conducting member. In this device, a first region is provided in the space between the housing and the ion conducting member and a second region is provided in the space between the ion conducting member and the current collector member. The interior of the current collector member defines a reservoir having a certain volume at least equal to the volume of the void space created in the second region during charging of the device.

A separator (3) of a molten salt battery is impregnated with a molten salt that serves as an electrolyte. The molten salt contains, as cations, at least one kind of ions selected from among quaternary ammonium ions, imidazolium ions, imidazolinium ions, pyridinium ions, pyrrolidinium ions, piperidinium ions, morpholinium ions, phosphonium ions, piperazinium ions and sulfonium ions in addition to sodium ions. These cations do not have adverse effects on a positive electrode (1). In addition, the melting point of the molten salt, which contains sodium ions and the above-mentioned cations, is significantly lower than the operating temperature of sodium-sulfur batteries, said operating temperature being 280-360 DEG C. Consequently, the molten salt battery is capable of operating at lower temperatures than sodium-sulfur batteries.