874results about "Deferred-action cells" patented technology

A solar cell including a first electrode, a second electrode arranged opposite to the first electrode, an electron transport layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, a dye layer D which is in contact with the electron transport layer, a hole transport layer arranged between the electron transport layer and the second electrode and being in contact with the dye layer D, and a barrier layer, and these elements are provided on a substrate. The barrier layer prevents or suppresses short-circuit between the first electrode and the hole transport layer. The porosity of the barrier layer is made smaller than that of the electron transport layer. The barrier layer is formed into a film-like shape and arranged between the first electrode and the electron transport layer. The solar cell can accomplish excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency by the provision of such a barrier layer.

An electrolytic cell assembly, e.g. for use in solar panels, is formed by placing coated metal wires (7,9) between the conducting layers (3,6) of two conducting glasses (1,4), respectively. A pressure force (F) is applied to press the metal wires between the conducting layers and to break the coating of the wires, thereby bringing the metal wires in electrical contact with the conducting layers. The coating protects the wires from harmful contact with an electrolyte inside the cell.

A photovoltaic cell for converting a light source into electricity, including: (a) a housing for the photovoltaic cell, including: (i) an at least partially transparent cell wall; (b) at least one electrically-conductive element, disposed at least partially within the photovoltaic cell, for boosting collection of a current generated by the cell; (c) a conductive coating, electrically associated with the electrically-conductive element, and disposed on a surface within the photovoltaic cell; (d) an electrolyte, disposed within the cell wall, the electrolyte containing a redox species, and (e) a current collection element, disposed on a side of the cell wall, wherein the current collection element is electrically connected to the electrically-conductive element, so as to remove the current produced by the cell.

Controlled activation identifiers for use in ingestible compositions, such as pharma-informatics enabled compositions, are provided. The identifiers include a controlled activation element that provides for activation of the identifier in response to the presence of a predetermined stimulus at a target site of interest. The invention finds use in a variety of different applications, including but not limited to, monitoring of therapeutic regimen compliance, tracking the history of pharmaceutical agents, etc.

A photoelectric cell that includes a first insulating base, having on its surface a first electrode layer, which has on its surface a metal oxide semiconductor film, which includes anatase titanium oxide particles, on which a photosensitizer is absorbed and a second insulating base having on its surface a second electrode layer and an electrolyte sealed between the metal oxide semiconductor film and the second electrode layer. The first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are arranged opposite from each other. At least one of the first and second insulating bases with an electrode layer is transparent.

Replacing liquid electrolytes with solid or quasi-solid electrolytes facilitates the production of photovoltaic cells using continuous manufacturing processes, such as roll-to-roll or web processes, thus creating inexpensive, lightweight photovoltaic cells using flexible plastic substrates.

A high temperature battery of one or more cells is disclosed in which each cell is made by holding an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, of different metallic substances, together through a fused flux wetted to an electrode, which fused flux is an electrolyte, to make an anode-to-cathode contact, and the anode-to-cathode contact is heated, by a heat source, to a high temperature above a threshold temperature to generate voltaic voltage, in excess of any thermoelectric voltage; such batteries with electrodes of various configurations are disclosed. The heat-activated flux and electrolyte, such as borax, may have, vegetable-growth ashes or chemical constituents of ashes, such as lithium carbonate, added to the heat-activated flux and electrolyte to catalyze or improve the current-generating capability of the battery. The preferred anode substance is aluminum, and the preferred cathode substance is copper. With the preferred cathode and anode substances and a heat-activated flux and electrolyte of fused borax between the cathode and anode, the open circuit voltage generated per cell when heated increases from 0.05 volts at 304° C. to 1.3 volts at 651° C.; the threshold temperature in this case is 279° C. Also disclosed is means to move the anode metal with respect to the cathode metal, when the heat-activated flux and electrolyte is fluid, for changing the battery characteristics and for replacing depleted heat-activated flux and electrolyte.

A method for producing a photoelectric conversion device comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer containing a semiconductor fine particle on which a dye is adsorbed, wherein the semiconductor fine particle is treated with a compound represented by the following general formula (I):wherein X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom or NY, in which Y represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group; R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, -N(R5)(R6), -C(=O)R7, -C(=S)R8, -SO2R9 or -OR10; R5 and R6 independently have the same meaning as the R1, R2, R3 and R4; R7, R8 and R9 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, -N(R5)(R6), -OR10 or -SR11; and R10 and R11 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.