The invention relates to a method for producing acetone butanol by steam explosion straw xylose fermentation and extracting remainder, which comprises the following steps of: performing solid and liquid separation after steam explosion straws are soaked into water, and obtaining furfural, organic acid and xylose from the steam explosion straw liquid; producing the acetone butanol by the steam explosion straw xylose fermentation, wherein the yield of the total solvent is 12 to 22g / L; and extracting the steam explosion straw solid by using alkali, wherein the alkali extraction liquid is used for preparing lignin and the alkali extraction residue is used for making paper and producing feed by fermentation. The method transforms cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the straws by stages, canproduce furfural, organic acid, xylose, lignin and papermaking fiber, and can produce fermentation products such as acetone, butanol, feed protein and the like by biotransformation. The method realizes comprehensive utilization of straw resources, has no waste and pollutant discharge during production, achieves pollution-free production, and has good social benefit and economic benefit.