247 results about "Tortuosity" patented technology

The effective ionic conductivity in a composite structure is believed to decrease rapidly with volume fraction. A system, such as a bipolar device or energy storage device, has structures or components in which the diffusion length or path that electrodes or ions must traverse is minimized and the interfacial area exposed to the ions or electrons is maximized. The device includes components that can be reticulated or has a reticulated interface so that an interface area can be increased. The increased interfacial perimeter increases the available sites for reaction of ionic species. Many different reticulation patterns can be used. The aspect ratio of the reticulated features can be varied. Such bipolar devices can be fabricated by a variety of methods or procedures. A bipolar device having structures of reticulated interface can be tailored for the purposes of controlling and optimizing charge and discharge kinetics. A bipolar device having graded porosity structures can have improved transport properties because the diffusion controlling reaction kinetics can be modified. Graded porosity electrodes can be linearly or nonlinearly graded. A bipolar device having perforated structures also provides improved transport properties by removing tortuosity and reducing diffusion distance.

A roofing module provides weather protection generates electrical power. The module comprises a base having a plurality of curved crests and curved pans. The crests and pans have contours sized and shaped to match the size and shape of the contours and pans of conventional clay or concrete S-tiles to enable the base to interlock with the conventional clay or concrete S-tiles. The base is made from lightweight plastic material. Each crest of the base includes a depressed portion. A photovoltaic panel is positioned in the depressed portions of at least two curved crests and span across at least one curved pan between the at least two curved crests.

A liquid purification and separation apparatus for separation of pollutants in stormwater runoff is disclosed. This apparatus utilizes gravitational separation and tortuosity, resulting from a plurality of baffles both perpendicular to and oblique to the primary water flow direction, to trap substances less-dense and more-dense than water. The apparatus features improved resistance to pollutant remobilization through treatment of water volume rather than flow rates, using vertically stacked water columns of varying depths to settle small particles. An overflow structure diverts excessive liquid without interfering with purification and separation, and can be placed integrally within or external to the apparatus receptacle.

An apparatus for controlling a flow of a fluid into a wellbore tubular includes a flow path associated with a production control device; an occlusion member positioned along the flow path that selectively occludes the flow path, and a reactive media disposed along the flow path that change a pressure differential across at least a portion of the flow path by interacting with a selected fluid. The reactive media may be a water swellable material or an oil swellable material. The reactive media may be selected or formulated to change a parameter related to the flow path. Illustrative parameters include, but are not limited to, (i) permeability, (ii) tortuosity, (iii) turbulence, (iv) viscosity, and (v) cross-sectional flow area.

The invention discloses a nonionic aqueous polyurethane emulsion and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of high-molecular materials. The nonionic aqueous polyurethane emulsion comprises polyether polyol or polyester polyol, isocyanate, micromolecular chain extender, nonionic hydrophilic chain extender, hydrophilic chain extender, 0.6-1 weight portions of cross-linking agent, lower boiling point solvent, catalyst, amine neutralizer, amine chain extender, 0.4-2 weight portions of aqueous wetting agent, and aqueous levelling agent. The preparation method is characterized in that: prepolymerization, polymerization, emulsification, distillation, compounding are carried out to prepare the nonionic aqueous polyurethane emulsion, then the aqueous wetting agent and aqueous levelling agent are added with stirring to obtain an aqueous nonionic polyurethane glass fibre impregnating compound. The prepared nonionic aqueous polyurethane emulsion disclosed herein has the advantages of good stability, long stable phase, wide application scope, high strength, wear resistance, good elasticity, yellow stain resistance, aging resistance, solvent resistance, low temperature resistance, tortuosity resistance, good penetration, compatibility, good interface chemical combination or chemisorption and other excellent performances.

A method of launching space vehicles by towing them aloft, then twirling them around a large transport aircraft (40) at the center of a formation (AA) of other tow aircraft (28, 34) and other devices of the invention. A lengthy, semi-rigid tow pipeline (14) serves as a conduit for the transfer of fuels and oxidizers, as the tow cable, and as an energy storage device that reflexes efficiently when it is flexed. The flexing of tow pipeline (14) is caused by a parachute (22) acting in conjunction with all the aircraft making the tighest turn they are capable of doing. Tow aircraft in certain arrays (28) are joined to tow pipeline (14) by sliding trollies (26) that also host canard rotor wings for the aerodynamic support of the main tube (12). The tow trollies (26) aid the sliding tow aircraft arrays (28) in gaining mechanical advantage to accelerate the space vehicle. The space vehicle may also burn its own motors for a longer-than-usual time as it gains in angular velocity because its fuels are replenished by a pipeline that automatically increases the pressure and volume of fuel flow as the angular acceleration increases. The tow pipeline (14) features a micro-hole laminar lift foil (50) on the top surface of the wing and on the bottom. By balancing the vacuum level in the plurality of chamber underneath the plurality of lift foil 50, the pilot or autopilot has an effective way to control the flight characteristics of the tow pipeline (14). In some embodiments the micro-hole laminar lift foil (50) on the top and bottom will made of transparent hollow wire segments or other material so arranged as to pass ambient light through to photo-voltaic cells below that convert sunlight to electrical energy.

A liquid purification and separation apparatus for separation of pollutants in stormwater runoff is disclosed. This apparatus utilizes gravitational separation and tortuosity, resulting from a plurality of baffles both perpendicular to and oblique to the primary water flow direction, to trap substances less-dense and more-dense than water. The apparatus features improved resistance to pollutant remobilization through treatment of water volume rather than flow rates, using vertically stacked water columns of varying depths to settle small particles. An overflow structure diverts excessive liquid without interfering with purification and separation, and can be placed integrally within or external to the apparatus receptacle.

A liquid purification and separation apparatus for separation of pollutants in stormwater runoff is disclosed. This apparatus utilizes gravitational separation and tortuosity, resulting from a plurality of baffles both perpendicular to and oblique to the primary water flow direction, to trap substances less-dense and more-dense than water. The apparatus features improved resistance to pollutant remobilization through treatment of water volume rather than flow rates, using vertically stacked water columns of varying depths to settle small particles. An overflow structure diverts excessive liquid without interfering with purification and separation, and can be placed integrally within or external to the apparatus receptacle.

A method for measuring the effective diffusion coefficient and the porosity of a porous medium includes steps as follows: using an evaporation tube method to measure the binary gas diffusion coefficient DAB of component A in component B and the effective diffusion coefficient DABP of component A in the measured porous medium, utilizing the relation between DAB and DABP to work out the ratio epsilon / tau of the measured porous medium porosity to the tortuosity factor, and obtaining the porosity of the measured porous medium according to the tortuosity factor tau. The invention has the advantageof rapidly and accurately measuring the porosity of the porous medium and the effective diffusion coefficient of a gas in the porous medium, thereby providing conditions for chemical engineering and scientific research practice.

There is provided a non-aqueous-secondary-battery separator formed of a composite membrane including: a porous base material containing a thermoplastic resin; and a heat-resistant porous layer provided on one or both surfaces of the porous base material and containing an organic binder and an inorganic filler, in which the tortuosity rate of the composite membrane is from 1.5 to 2.0.

A computer system that segments a colon for a computed tomography colonography (CTC) is described. During operation, the computer system accesses imaging data having a spatial resolution. Then, the computer system identifies the colon lumen based on probabilities for different tissue classes in the imaging data. Moreover, the computer system segments the colon into subsegments based on an articulated object model that fits a tortuosity of the colon along a centerline of the colon, where the articulated object model includes values of an orthonormal basis set, curvature and torsion along the centerline, and where boundaries between subsegments are based on the curvature and die torsion. For example, a given boundary between a pair of subsegments may corresponds to or may be related to a minimum value of the curvature and a maximum value of the torsion over a length of the colon.

Permeability is one of the most important factors in influencing the commercial viability of a hydrocarbon reservoir. So far, permeability cannot be measured directly in-situ in reservoir formations. This invention relates to the field of estimating in-situ permeability of the reservoir rock formations. The measurements can be made across two wells or in a single well. Due to the morphology of their pore interconnections and the pore fluids in the rock, permeable rocks are elastically nonlinear. In a permeable rock, which is elastically nonlinear, the interactions between two elastic waves can be used in a unique way to map its physical properties. In this invention, the interaction of an elastic wave generated within the permeable rock with an externally generated seismic signal is used to determine the bulk tortuosity and bulk permeability of a reservoir rock formation.

A method for utilizing received formation data to determine one or more fluid instance such as reservoir wettability while in one of a subterranean environment or a surface environment. The method comprising: (a) obtaining at least one set of formation data wherein the set of formation data includes magnetic resonance data from two or more samples within an approximate common characteristic region in the reservoir; (b) computing from the at least one set of received formation data a first fluid instance of the one or more fluid instance using at least two mathematical variables from the group consisting of one of oil saturation, water saturation, T1, T2, diffusion coefficient, tortuosity from long time diffusion coefficient or some combination thereof; and (c) interpreting the computed first fluid instance as at least one wettability property between the fluids in a formation located in the subterranean environment and the formation.

The invention relates to a shale gas apparent permeability calculation method considering multi-factor influence, which comprises the following steps: (1) reconstructing a shale three-dimensional digital core based on a shale two-dimensional profile scanning electron microscope image by adopting a multi-point geostatistics method; (2) calculating the porosity, tortuosity and porous medium characteristic length of the shale three-dimensional digital rock core; and (3) calculating the gas permeability in the organic matter and inorganic matter of the shale. According to the method, the influenceof the pore structure, different pore types (organic matter pores and inorganic matter pores), adsorption and desorption, surface diffusion, gas slippage, stress sensitivity and critical property change in the shale gas reservoir on the gas flow capacity is fully considered, and the shale gas flow capacity under the conditions of different pore structures and gas reservoirs can be accurately predicted.

The invention relates to a method for improving a shaft system centering process for ship building. The method comprises the following steps of: boring holes on a screw shaft flange, a middle screw shaft flange, a middle shaft front flange and a host machine output end flange; adjusting the tortuosity and deviation of the screw shaft flange and the middle screw shaft flange and the tortuosity and deviation of the middle shaft front flange and the host machine output end flange; and connecting the host machine output end flange and the middle shaft front flange and connecting the middle screw shaft flange and the screw shaft flange through bolts, and the like. The method of the invention has the advantages of greatly shortening the working time of the shaft system after a ship is undocked, lowering the pressure of a dock mooring test and contributing to shortening the mooring test period of a dock of a company.

A limited entry perforating phased gun system and method for accurate perforation in a deviated / horizontal wellbore is disclosed. The system / method includes a gun string assembly (GSA) deployed in a wellbore with shaped charge clusters. The charges are spaced and angled such that, when perforated, they intersect at a preferred fracturing plane. Upon fracturing, the fractures initiate at least principal stress location in a preferred fracturing plane perpendicular to the wellbore from an upward and downward location of the wellbore. Thereafter, the fractures connect radially about the wellbore in the preferred fracturing plane. The fracture treatment in the preferred fracturing plane creates minimal tortuosity paths for longer extension of fractures that enables efficient oil and gas flow rates during production.

The effective ionic conductivity in a composite structure is believed to decrease rapidly with volume fraction. A system, such as a bipolar device or energy storage device, has structures or components in which the diffusion length or path that electrodes or ions must traverse is minimized and the interfacial area exposed to the ions or electrons is maximized. The device includes components that can be reticulated or has a reticulated interface so that an interface area can be increased. The increased interfacial perimeter increases the available sites for reaction of ionic species. Many different reticulation patterns can be used. The aspect ratio of the reticulated features can be varied. Such bipolar devices can be fabricated by a variety of methods or procedures. A bipolar device having structures of reticulated interface can be tailored for the purposes of controlling and optimizing charge and discharge kinetics. A bipolar device having graded porosity structures can have improved transport properties because the diffusion controlling reaction kinetics can be modified. Graded porosity electrodes can be linearly or nonlinearly graded. A bipolar device having perforated structures also provides improved transport properties by removing tortuosity and reducing diffusion distance.

A diffusion medium for use in a PEM fuel cell including a porous spacer layer disposed between a plurality of perforated layers having variable size and frequency of perforation patterns, each perforated layer having a microporous layer formed thereon, wherein the diffusion medium is adapted to optimize water management in and performance of the fuel cell.

The invention relates to a method for determining a path of a UUV in the process of recycling a mother ship. The method comprises the steps that a circle r is determined, wherein the curvature of the circle r is the tortuosity of the UUV capable of sailing, the circle r and a first straight line L in the opening direction of a dock of the mother ship are tangent, and the circle r and the UUV are on the same side of the first straight line L; a second straight line H which is tangent to the circle r is determined, wherein the second straight line H passes through the current position of the UUV; the tangency point Pg where the circle r and the straight line H are tangent serves as a target point, and the UUV moves towards the target point. Through the method, the difficulty for planning the path can be reduced.

The present invention provides a processing device and a sucking disc worktable for preventing occurrence of the phenomena such as tortuosity of the sucking disc worktable due to temperature variation, fracture or deviation from frames of aspiration maintenance parts, even in case of realization of major diameter of crystal plates and the sucking disc worktable. The aspiration maintenance part (21) of the sucking disc worktable (20) is made of a porous ceramic whose main component is zirconium oxide having coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 9.0x10 <-6> DEG C approximately similar to that (10.4x10 <-6> DEG C) of stainless steel forming the frame body (22). Therefore, problems such as tortuosity of the sucking disc worktable due to temperature variation, fracture or deviation from the frames of the aspiration maintenance parts can be eliminated; in case of realization of major diameter of crystal plates and the sucking disc worktable, even temperature variation exists, precision drop of supine surfaces of the sucking disc worktable can be restrained, and crystal plates can be processed with high accuracy.

A hydraulic fracturing system and method for enhancing effective permeability of earth formations to increase hydrocarbon production, enhance operation efficiency by reducing fluid entry friction due to tortuosity and perforation, and to open perforations that are either unopened or not effective using traditional techniques, by varying a pump rate and / or a flow rate to a wellbore.

A composition includes a set hydraulic binder; and a foaming agent and has a porosity ≧0.55; a flow resistivity between 10000 and 200000 N.s.m-4; a tortuosity between 1.2 and 3.4; a viscous characteristic length between 10 μm and 60 μm; a thermal characteristic length between 60 μm and 1000 μm; and a compressive strength of at least 0.30 MPa as measured by modified ASTM C472.

A composite molecular sieve membrane, preparation method and use thereof are provided in the embodiments. The composite molecular sieve membrane includes a support layer and a molecular sieve membrane layer, wherein the support layer is a high-porosity and porous ceramic which is made of nano- or submicron ceramic powder materials or ceramic material precursors prepared through an electrospinning process. The high-porosity and porous ceramic, is adjustable from 40% to 83%. The composite molecular sieve membrane of the embodiments uses the porous ceramic prepared through an electrospinning process as the support layer, and the support layer has a flat and continuous surface, high porosity, uniform and adjustable pore sizes, low-tortuosity pore channels, and high mechanical strength; the flux of the composite molecular sieve membrane is increased, besides, the seed crystals can attach effectively due to the fibrous pore channels of the support layer, ensuring the adhesion amount of seed crystals.

The invention relates to a preparation method and applications in supported catalysts of a carrier type titanium dioxide ultrafiltration membrane. According to the preparation method, a ceramic membrane is used as the support body, the self-growing phenomenon of titanium dioxide particles at high temperature is utilized, a titanium dioxide ultrafiltration membrane layer with high flux and tortuosity is formed on the surface of the ceramic membrane support body through the interweaving of titanium dioxide nanorods and calcining, thus the tortuosity and loose degree of the membrane layer can be effectively increased; an enough space is provided for supporting catalysts on the basis of ensuring the retention capacity of the original ceramic membrane; and the overall functionalization of the ceramic membrane is realized, namely the ceramic membrane supporting of multiple catalysts is realized and the product can be used in the fields such as photocatalysis, catalytic ozonation, catalytic hydrogen peroxide oxidation and catalytic wet oxidation.

A limited entry perforating phased gun system and method for accurate perforation in a deviated / horizontal wellbore is disclosed. The system / method includes a gun string assembly (GSA) deployed in a wellbore with shaped charge clusters. The charges are spaced and angled such that, when perforated, they intersect at a preferred fracturing plane. Upon fracturing, the fractures initiate at least principal stress location in a preferred fracturing plane perpendicular to the wellbore from an upward and downward location of the wellbore. Thereafter, the fractures connect radially about the wellbore in the preferred fracturing plane. The fracture treatment in the preferred fracturing plane creates minimal tortuosity paths for longer extension of fractures that enables efficient oil and gas flow rates during production.

Novel or improved microporous battery separator membranes, separators, cells, batteries including such membranes, separators, or cells, and / or methods of making such membranes and / or separators, and / or methods of using such membranes and / or separators. In accordance with at least certain embodiments, an improved or novel battery separator for a secondary or rechargeable lithium battery may have low Electrical resistance of less than 0.95 ohm-cm2, or in some cases, less than 0.8 ohm-cm2. Furthermore, the inventive battery separator membrane may provide a means to achieve an improved level of battery performance in a rechargeable or secondary lithium battery based on a possibly synergistic combination of low Electrical resistance, low Gurley, low tortuosity, and / or a unique trapezoid shaped pore. In accordance with at least certain multilayer embodiments (by way of example only, a trilayer membrane made of two polypropylene layers with a polyethylene layer in between), the inventive microporous membrane or battery separator may have excellent onset and rate of thermal shutdown performance.

A limited entry perforating phased gun system and method for accurate perforation in a deviated / horizontal wellbore is disclosed. The system / method includes a gun string assembly (GSA) deployed in a wellbore with shaped charge clusters. The charges are spaced and angled such that, when perforated, they intersect at a preferred fracturing plane. Upon fracturing, the fractures initiate at least principal stress location in a preferred fracturing plane perpendicular to the wellbore from an upward and downward location of the wellbore. Thereafter, the fractures connect radially about the wellbore in the preferred fracturing plane. The fracture treatment in the preferred fracturing plane creates minimal tortuosity paths for longer extension of fractures that enables efficient oil and gas flow rates during production.