The invention belongs to medical instruments, and discloses a vaginal dilator with an optical fiber illumination device. An existing vaginal dilator has the defects that the existing vaginal dilator only has the vagina expanding function and does not have the illumination function, so that inspection is not complete, treatment is not complete or the treatment is excessive, and at the same time, labor and a specialized power source are wasted. The vaginal dilator with the optical fiber illumination device comprises an upper expanding sheet (1), a lower expanding sheet (4), a watching hole (2), a handle (6) and an adjusting bolt (5), wherein an optical fiber groove is formed in the handle (6), optical fibers (7) are arranged along the optical fiber groove to the tail end of the handle (6) and then connected with a coupler (9), the other ends of the optical fibers are provided with an optical fiber output end (3), and the optical fiber output end (3) is arranged inside the middle portion of the watching hole (2). The vaginal dilator with the optical fiber illumination device has the advantages of not only having the vagina expanding function, but also having the illumination function, being capable of illuminating tissue inside a vagina precisely, enabling a doctor to conduct operating conveniently, improving gynecologic examination precision and operation cure rate, lowering energy consumption of operating room illumination, and saving manpower.