The invention discloses a real-time optimal control system and method for a continuous catalytic reforming device. The system of the present invention is divided into a data collection module, a data conversion module, a data processing module, a human-computer interaction module, a central processing module, and a predictive control module, wherein the central processing module is based on reforming kinetics, thermodynamics, material balance, energy balance, etc. Based on the basic principle, a relatively complete mechanism model is established, and real-time optimal control is achieved through the optimal control algorithm. The present invention constructs a real-time optimal control system in a modular form for the continuous catalytic reforming device, and achieves the goal of real-time optimal control through the mutual cooperation of each module and the combination of mechanism modeling and optimal control algorithm. Through the optimization of the entire process in the continuous catalytic reforming unit, the optimal solution of the system comprehensive index is effectively obtained, which is of great significance for chemical plants to improve product yield and economic benefits.