Disclosed is a tree-ring composition rapid analysis method, particularly a rapid measuring method for tree-ring width and tree-ring density, belonging to the measuring field. The tree-ring composition rapid analysis method is to delete the false tree-ring and insert the broken tree-ring in automatic judgement and human-computer interaction mode, and to once read the parameters like tree-ring number, tree-ring width, tree-ring average density, maximum density, minimum density, early wood density, late wood density, early wood width, late wood width, and late wood rate. The method can be used for analyzing the density data measured by the tree-ring density instrument, and can also be used for analyzing the density data measured by the tree-ring digitized map. The tree-ring composition rapid analysis method solves the problem of identifying complex tree-ring, improves the measuring accuracy, in addition, the conventional manual operation that takes both time and effort can be replaced, thereby saving a large amount of time and effort for the tree-ring students.