41 results about "Gray colour" patented technology

A single crystal CVD synthetic diamond material comprising: a total as-grown nitrogen concentration equal to or greater than 5 ppm, and a uniform distribution of defects, wherein said uniform distribution of defects is defined by one or more of the following characteristics: (i) the total nitrogen concentration, when mapped by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) over an area equal to or greater than 50×50 μm using an analysis area of 10 μm or less, possesses a point-to-point variation of less than 30% of an average total nitrogen concentration value, or when mapped by SIMS over an area equal to or greater than 200×200 μm using an analysis area of 60 μm or less, possesses a point-to-point variation of less than 30% of an average total nitrogen concentration value; (ii) an as-grown nitrogen-vacancy defect (NV) concentration equal to or greater than 50 ppb as measured using 77K UV-visible absorption measurements, wherein the nitrogen-vacancy defects are uniformly distributed through the synthetic single crystal CVD diamond material such that, when excited using a 514 nm laser excitation source of spot size equal to or less than 10 μm at room temperature using a 50 mW 46 continuous wave laser, and mapped over an area equal to or greater than 50×50 μm with a data interval less than 10 μm there is a low point-to-point variation wherein the intensity area ratio of nitrogen vacancy photoluminescence peaks between regions of high photoluminescent intensity and regions of low photolominescent intensity is <2× for either the 575 nm photoluminescent peak (NV⁰) or the 637 nm photoluminescent peak (NV); (iii) a variation in Raman intensity such that, when excited using a 514 nm laser excitation source (resulting in a Raman peak at 552.4 nm) of spot size equal to or less than 10 μm at room temperature using a 50 mW continuous wave laser, and mapped over an area equal to or greater than 50×50 μm with a data interval less than 10 μm, there is a low point-to-point variation wherein the ratio of Raman peak areas between regions of low Raman intensity and high Raman intensity is <1.25×; (iv) an as-grown nitrogen-vacancy defect (NV) concentration equal to or greater than 50 ppb as measured using 77K UV-visible absorption measurements, wherein, when excited using a 514 nm excitation source of spot size equal to or less than 10 μm at 77K using a 50 mW continuous wave laser, gives an intensity at 575 nm corresponding to NV⁰ greater than 120 times a Raman intensity at 552.4 nm, and/or an intensity at 637 nm corresponding to NV⁻ greater than 200 times the Raman intensity at 552.4 nm; (v) a single substitutional nitrogen defect (N_s) concentration equal to or greater than 5 ppm, wherein the single substitutional nitrogen defects are uniformly distributed through the synthetic single crystal CVD diamond material such that by using a 1344 cm⁻¹ infrared absorption feature and sampling an area greater than an area of 0.5 mm², the variation is lower than 80%, as deduced by dividing the standard deviation by the mean value; (vi) a variation in red luminescence intensity, as defined by a standard deviation divided by a mean value, is less than 15%; (vii) a mean standard deviation in neutral single substitutional nitrogen concentration of less than 80%; and (viii) a colour intensity as measured using a histogram from a microscopy image with a mean gray value of greater than 50, wherein the colour intensity is uniform through the single crystal CVD synthetic diamond material such that the variation in gray colour, as characterised by the gray value standard deviation divided by the gray value mean, is less than 40%.

What is provided herein is a novel system and method for estimating the amount of color in a document. In one embodiment, a binary CMYK input image is received. Each of the CMYK plane is received at an offset from the previous plane, i.e., the 4 planes are not received simultaneously. Each plane is divided into M×N tiles. Pixel values of all four planes are examined separately and the number of on-pixels is counted for each plane. The number of on-pixel counts for each tile are aggregated for each plane. Total on-pixel counts are used to estimate the total number of white, black, color, and gray pixel counts. The total counts for all planes are used to estimate the amount of color. A document is determined to be color if the amount of color exceeds a predetermined threshold. A color billing strategy is determined based on the estimated color amount.

The present invention suppresses a bronzing phenomenon that occurs easily in inkjet printing that uses pigment ink, and minimizes other effects on the image quality by particularly minimizing the change in gray balance. Of at least first and second achromatic inks having different densities of pigment coloring material, the amount of resin in the second achromatic ink (light gray ink) having the lowest density of coloring material is increased, and on the achromatic color axis, a specified amount of light gray ink is used up to gradations other than highlighted areas, and light gray ink is printed in scans after all the inks that include the second achromatic ink. As a result, it is possible to reduce the bronzing phenomenon.

The invention provides a gray-tone light valve. The light valve has a gray tone in a dark state and is transparent in a bright state. The gray tone is as follows: in CIELab color coordinates, L is greater than 20 and less than 45, a is greater than -0.5 and less than 1.5, and b is greater than -2.5 and less than 2.5. The invention provides the light valve with a specific gray tone, the dark state of the light valve is gray, the bright state of the light valve is transparent, and the light valve has a middle tone-gray tone. The selectivity of the light valve is improved, and the application depth and width of the light valve are further widened.

A method for characterizing a colour rendering reprographic apparatus for making an output colour profile comprises the steps of measuring a set of colour values, indicative of output of the colour rendering reprographic apparatus on a predetermined medium and processing these measurement data to profile data that are applicable for creating an output colour profile according to the standards of the International Colour Consortium. The processing step comprises a correction of a measured colour value with a medium compensation value that depends on the medium gray colour value at the same lightness as the measured colour value. The medium gray colour value is a value that results from the application of black colorant on the predetermined medium. The medium compensation value reduces to zero at the lightness of the predetermined medium. The effect of this processing step is that a profile is generated that gives prints that are both free of background colorant and have natural colour rendering.

Provided is polypropylene-based resin expanded particles which make it possible to obtain a gray in-mold foamed molded product whose color is uniform and excellent in color tone. The polypropylene-based resin expanded particles, which are uniform and excellent in color tone, are produced by (i) dispersing polypropylene-based resin particles and carbon dioxide into an aqueous dispersion medium in a closed vessel, the polypropylene-based resin particles containing carbon black and at least one selected from magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate, the carbon black and the at least one selected from magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate having been added to a polypropylene-based resin; (ii) heating a dispersion slurry obtained in (i) to a temperature not less than a softening temperature of the polypropylene-based resin particles and pressurizing the dispersion slurry; and (iii) then releasing the polypropylene-based resin particles into a region at a pressure lower than an internal pressure of the closed vessel.

Provided herein are aluminum alloys and aluminum sheets including alloys that have a natural dark gray color when anodized. The alloys do not require any absorptive or electrolytic coloration processseparate from the anodization process to achieve the dark gray coloration. Also provided herein are methods for making such aluminum alloys.