530 results about "Full field" patented technology

Apparatuses and methods determine positional information from a reflected optical signal for an object on a per pixel basis. A spread spectrum imaging system includes a transmitting module transmitting a transmitted optical signal that illuminates a target space and contains a transmitted pulse that is modulated with a first pseudo-noise (PN) code. The imaging system includes a receiving module that receives a reflected optical signal from an object. The reflected signal is processed by an optical array that detects a detected signal from the reflected optical signal, where the detected signal contains a plurality of pixels spanning a target space. When the determined PN code corresponds to the selected PN code, image information and the positional information is presented for the object. When different positional information is obtained for different pixels in the image, the imaging system may determine that different objects appear in the received image.

A tomosynthesis system for forming a three dimensional image of an object is provided. The system includes an X-ray source adapted to irradiate the object with a beam of X-rays from a plurality of positions in a sector, an X-ray detector positioned relative to the X-ray source to detect X-rays transmitted through the object and a processor which is adapted to generate a three dimensional image of the object based on X-rays detected by the detector. The detector is adapted to move relative to the object and / or the X-ray source is adapted to irradiate the object with the beam of X-rays such that the beam of X-rays follows in a non arc shaped path and / or a center of the beam of X-rays impinges substantially on the same location on the detector from different X-ray source positions in the sector.

A method and system for full-field fringe-projection for 3-D surface-geometry measurement, referred to as “triangular-pattern phase-shifting” is disclosed. A triangular grey-scale-level-coded fringe pattern is computer generated, projected along a first direction onto an object or scene surface and distorted according to the surface geometry. The 3-D coordinates of points on the surface are calculated by triangulation from distorted triangular fringe-pattern images acquired by a CCD camera along a second direction and a triangular-shape intensity-ratio distribution is obtained from calculation of the captured distorted triangular fringe-pattern images. Removal of the triangular shape of the intensity ratio over each pattern pitch generates a wrapped intensity-ratio distribution obtained by removing the discontinuity of the wrapped image with a modified unwrapping method. Intensity ratio-to-height conversion is used to reconstruct the 3-D surface coordinates of the object. Intensity-ratio error compensation involves estimating intensity-ratio error in a simulation of the measurement process with both real and ideal captured triangular-pattern images obtained from real and ideal gamma non-linearity functions. A look-up table relating the measure intensity-ratio to the corresponding intensity-ratio error is constructed and used for intensity-ratio error compensation. The inventive system is based on two-step phase-shifting but can be extended for multiple-step phase-shifting.

A mammography system using a tissue exposure control relying on estimates of the thickness of the compressed and immobilized breast and of breast density to automatically derive one or more technic factors. The system further uses a tomosynthesis arrangement that maintains the focus of an anti-scatter grid on the x-ray source and also maintains the field of view of the x-ray receptor. Finally, the system finds an outline that forms a reduced field of view that still encompasses the breast in the image, and uses for further processing, transmission or archival storage the data within said reduced field of view.

A method of full-field or “ping-based” Doppler ultrasound imaging allows for detection of Doppler signals indicating moving reflectors at any point in an imaging field without the need to pre-define range gates. In various embodiments, such whole-field Doppler imaging methods may include transmitting a Doppler ping from a transmit aperture, receiving echoes of the Doppler ping with one or more separate receive apertures, detecting Doppler signals and determining the speed of moving reflectors. In some embodiments, the system also provides the ability to determine the direction of motion by solving a set of simultaneous equations based on echo data received by multiple receive apertures.

The principle of reciprocity states that full-field and scanning microscopes can produce equivalent images by interchanging the roles of condenser and detector. Thus, the contrast transfer function inversion previously used for images from scanning systems can be applied to Zernike phase contrast images. In more detail, a full-field x-ray imaging system for quantitatively reconstructing the phase shift through a specimen comprises a source that generates x-ray radiation, a condenser x-ray lens for projecting the x-ray radiation onto the specimen, an objective x-ray lens for imaging the x-ray radiation transmitted through the specimen, a phase-shifting device to shift the phase of portions of x-ray radiation by a determined amount, and an x-ray detector that detects the x-ray radiation transmitted through the specimen to generate a detected image. An image processor then determines a Fourier filtering function and reconstructs the quantitative phase shift through the specimen by application of the Fourier filtering function to the detected image. As a result, artifacts due to absorption contrast can be removed from the detecting image. This corrected image can then be used in generating three dimensional (3D) images using computed tomography.

A simple, relatively inexpensive, non-contacting, full-field (total visible surface) measurement and visualization methodology is described to measure the object motions and the object stretches and object distortions (deformations) during oscillation of an object. The method is capable of full-field measurement of 1D, 2D and / or 3D object motions and the associated object surface deformations on vibrating objects. The methodology is based on a combination of stroboscopic image ascuisition and / or controlled image exposure time with a synchronization system to acquire the images at appropriate times during periodic oscillation of an object; the periodicity of the applied excitation is used to mitigate the requirement for high speed imaging. Then, image matching procedures, such as 3D digital image correlation, are used with software to extract full-field object motions and surface deformations at each time of interest.

Embodiments of the present invention may be used to perform measurement of surfaces, such as external and internal surfaces of the human body, in full-field and in 3-D. Embodiments of the present invention may include an electromagnetic radiation source, which may be configured to project electromagnetic radiation onto a surface. The electromagnetic radiation source may be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation in a pattern corresponding to a spatial signal modulation algorithm. The electromagnetic radiation source may also be configured to project the electromagnetic radiation at a frequency suitable for transmission through the media in which the radiation is projected. An image sensor may be configured to capture image data representing the projected pattern. An image-processing module may be configured to receive the captured image data from the image sensor and to calculate a full-field, 3-D representation of the surface using the captured image data and the spatial signal modulation algorithm. A display device may be configured to display the full-field, 3-D representation of the surface.

A liquid immersion exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system (PL) which projects an image of a pattern onto a substrate (W) and a unit (5) which supplies a liquid (7) between an optical element (4) at the end of the projection optical system (PL) and the substrate (W). A corrosion-resistant film composed of an oxide is formed on the surface of the optical element (4) to prevent corrosion by the liquid (7). Consequently, a desired performance of the projection optical system can be secured for a long time even where a full field exposure in the step-and-repeat manner or a scanning exposure in the step-and-scan manner is performed in a liquid-immersion state.

A single fiber full-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging probe (300) includes a hollow tube (301), and a single fiber (305) disposed within the tube for transmitting light received from a broadband light source to a beam splitter (350) in the tube optically coupled to the single fiber (305). The beam splitter (350) splits the light into a first and a second optical beam, wherein the first beam is optically coupled to a reference arm including a MEMS reference micromirror (335) which provides axial scanning and the second beam is optically coupled to a sample arm for probing a sample to be imaged. Both the reference arm and the sample ami are disposed in the tube. A photodetector array (315) is preferably disposed inside the tube (301) optically coupled to the beam splitter (350). The photodetector array (315) receives a reflected beam from the MEMS reference micromirror (335) and a scattered beam from the sample to form an image of the sample.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional speckle strain measurement method, comprising: (1) speckle preparation; (2) camera calibration; (3) state information acquisition; (4) computational domaindesignation; (5) initial point setting; (6) speckle matching; (7) three-dimensional reconstruction; and (8) strain computation. By the above operation steps, the invention provides a three-dimensionalspeckle strain measurement method, which can effectively obtain high preciseness measurement results in measurements of material characteristic parameters such as full-field vibration measurement, dynamic strain measurement, high speed deformation measurement, fracture mechanics, impact excitation and dynamic material experiments. The invention has the characteristics of convenient measurement operation, high automation degree, exact and reliable results, high efficiency and non-contact measurement.

A method is disclosed for calibrating a mathematical model of a component using prototype full-field experimentally collected deformation / strain data. Specifically, the method involves obtaining actual experimental field data using strain sensitive coating material and then mapping said data on a CAD mesh model. The analytical mesh model is then compared to a finite element model that is based on theoretical values referred to as boundary conditions. The finite element model boundary conditions are then calibrated to reflect the values derived from the experimental field measurements. Once calibrated, the model can be used to optimize design of components.

A full-field imaging, long working distance, incoherent interference microscope suitable for three-dimensional imaging and metrology of MEMS devices and test structures on a standard microelectronics probe station. A long working distance greater than 10 mm allows standard probes or probe cards to be used. This enables nanometer-scale 3-dimensional height profiles of MEMS test structures to be acquired across an entire wafer while being actively probed, and, optionally, through a transparent window. An optically identical pair of sample and reference arm objectives is not required, which reduces the overall system cost, and also the cost and time required to change sample magnifications. Using a LED source, high magnification (e.g., 50×) can be obtained having excellent image quality, straight fringes, and high fringe contrast.

A method and system for full-field fringe-projection for 3-D surface-geometry measurement, referred to as “triangular-pattern phase-shifting” is disclosed. A triangular grey-scale-level-coded fringe pattern is computer generated, projected along a first direction onto an object or scene surface and distorted according to the surface geometry. The 3-D coordinates of points on the surface are calculated by triangulation from distorted triangular fringe-pattern images acquired by a CCD camera along a second direction and a triangular-shape intensity-ratio distribution is obtained from calculation of the captured distorted triangular fringe-pattern images. Removal of the triangular shape of the intensity ratio over each pattern pitch generates a wrapped intensity-ratio distribution obtained by removing the discontinuity of the wrapped image with a modified unwrapping method. Intensity ratio-to-height conversion is used to reconstruct the 3-D surface coordinates of the object. Intensity-ratio error compensation involves estimating intensity-ratio error in a simulation of the measurement process with both real and ideal captured triangular-pattern images obtained from real and ideal gamma non-linearity functions. A look-up table relating the measure intensity-ratio to the corresponding intensity-ratio error is constructed and used for intensity-ratio error compensation. The inventive system is based on two-step phase-shifting but can be extended for multiple-step phase-shifting.

The present invention is whole particle field measuring method and equipment based on laminar laser imaging and features that particles in test flow field are illuminated with orthogonal laminar laser beams and two CCD cameras are used to take the particle motion locus images both in the direction perpendicular to the flow field and in the direction parallel to the flow field separately. The equivalent diameters of particles are determined via particle image distinction and statistical analysis of covered pixels, and the particle motion speeds, including magnitudes and directions, are determined via the distinction and analysis of particle motion locus image, so as to obtain the size spectrum and speed field distribution of particles in the imaging plane. The present invention needs no addition of tracing particle, and may be used widely in the two-phase and multi-phase flow field measurement in various fields.

Systems and methods are provided by which a mammography imaging system offers X-ray and ultrasound imaging that allows sharing of common hardware such as the computer and display. Small regions of interest are imaged with X-ray at higher image quality by using a second sensor with higher DQE than the full-field sensor can obtain. In some embodiments a specialized chamber is provided for securing the anatomy to a fixed location, ultrasound image data is collected along with ultrasound probe location and orientation data from sensors on a handheld probe from which data images can be viewed directly, or used to reconstruct tomographic images of any desired cross-section, or used for various “3-D” image visualization methods. An imaging schedule defined by location and orientation of an ultrasound probe is used to generate a three-dimensional ultrasound image.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional full-field deformation measurement method of a paddle. The method comprises the following steps of 1), designing and manufacturing an electronic speckle; 2), forming a camera set by means of multiple three-dimensional video units; 3) calibrating the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the camera set by means of a calibrating board with a coding mark point; 4) acquiring an image, realizing image grouping, and performing imaging matching on the grouped image; 5), performing three-dimensional analysis on the image which is matched in the step 4) by means of the inner parameter and the outer parameter of the camera set obtained in the step 3), and obtaining a three-dimensional point cloud of each paddle surface; and 6) based on the three-dimensional point cloud of each paddle surface obtained in the step 5), fitting the profile of the paddle, and obtaining three-dimensional full-field deformation of the paddle. The three-dimensional full-field deformation measurement method can be used for measuring anisotropic three-dimensional full-field dynamic deformation of the paddle and furthermore can be used for obtaining various movement parameters of the paddle. The three-dimensional full-field deformation measurement method has advantages of comprehensive measured data, high measurement accuracy, effective settlement for interference in complicated working conditions, and reliable data in paddle movement process.

The related phase expand method based on Gray code in 3D scanning system comprises: according to space binary coding requirements, designing seven gradual-dimidiating projection grating graphs and four grating 90deg phase shift graphs; projecting to the target, using CCD to take photo back to a computer; obtaining the folding-phase graph between -pi ~ pi; cutting the projection graph as threshold, Gray coding, and dividing accurate period to expand the folding-phase graph and obtain the only phase value; finally, to the failed area, traverse comparing and compensating phase for expand.

A method producing full field radial grid (called here Radial-X Grid) for more accurate and efficient reservoir simulation and improving simulation work flow. The Radial-X Grid method produces both aerial and vertical gridding to divide a reservoir structure into simulation grid cells. The aerial gridding is performed by 1) specifying a reservoir boundary (including faults) and well locations; 2) distributing a set of concentric circles around each well location; 3) determining the circle-circle and circle-boundary intersection locations of these circles; 4) forming the aerial grid by selecting circles, arc segments of intersecting circles and radial lines which connect the ends of these arc segments to the corresponding well center; 5) and forming additional grid lines by selecting the connecting lines of two wells if their circles intersect, adding additional radial lines to certain wells, and connecting end points of certain selected arc segments. Thus, the aerial boundary of each individual grid cell is formed from elements selected from the group of arc segment, well radial line, reservoir boundary, connection line of well to well, arc segment end to arc segment end. The vertical gridding is performed by casting the aerial grid vertically downwardly through all the layers defined in the reservoir structure. The Radial-X Grid method is advantageous for petroleum reservoir simulation applications because it is easy to use, runs fast, produces no grid orientation effect, provides efficient use of grid cells, provides precision modeling and provides better reservoir boundary and fault conformance.

The invention provides a high-precision three-dimensional shape measurement method for a jump object. The method is characterized in that the fringe projection profilometry, in combination with curvelet transform, is applied to three-dimensional shape measurement of the jump object. The fringe profilometry based on structured light projection is a high-precision, quick, noncoherent optical full-field object three-dimensional shape measurement technique, and experimental devices adopted are simple, which mainly include a computer, a projector and a digital camera. The projector is used for projecting a plurality of sets of sine fringe patterns different in frequency to the jump object to be tested; the digital camera is used for recording deformed fringe patterns and transmitting the deformed fringe patterns to the computer, and then the deformed fringe patterns are denoised by virtue of curvelet transform and the phase distribution of the deformed fringes is demodulated in combination with a phase shifting method, and unwrapped phase distribution is obtained by using a phase unwrapping method. At last, three-dimensional data of the jump object is obtained according to a phase-height relation. The high-precision three-dimensional shape measurement method has the major gain that a high-precision fast full-field measurement technique for the three-dimensional shape measurement of the jump object.

A full-field x-ray fluorescence imager capable of recording high resolution maps of elemental concentrations with high signal to background in one image is described. Furthermore the methodology to have the same instrument record maps of different elements in series and how to register and overlay these maps properly is discussed.

An airborne exploration system used with an aircraft for shallow and deep exploration for oil and gas, mineral deposits and aquifers. The survey system uses natural electromagnetic EM fields as an energy source. The exploration system includes a pair of aerodynamic housing pods adapted for mounting on wing tips of the aircraft. The housing pods include electric field sensors with three orthogonal electric dipoles oriented along an X, Y and Z axis. An optional third set of orthogonal electric dipoles can be mounted in the tail of the aircraft. The field sensors are electrically attached to angular motion detectors mounted inside housing pods. The motion detectors are used for compensating for errors caused by angular motion of the aircraft when in the presence of strong electric field gradients. The system also includes a total field magnetometer mounted in the aircraft. The various filtered outputs of the magnetometer are used to provide phase and amplitude references for the similarly filtered and angular motion corrected outputs of the electric field sensors. The electric field data when normalized and phase referenced against the magnetic field data provides valuable geological and geophysical information related to the subsurface flow of telluric currents.

This invention discloses a laser speckle tyre lossless detector. The detector is located in the test room of the vacuum device and is connected with a vertical and level and rotation laser speckle probes through test moving structure. Under the test prove there is tyre automatic position device to supporting and positioning and there is door in the sidewall of the test room. This invention also provides a method for lossless test and the laser speckle tyre loss detector can test the inner defection of the products and can be used in quality test of space flight field.

The invention discloses a visual online image ferrography imaging system, which comprises an image acquisition device, a lens base, a focusing mechanism, an LED (Light Emitting Diode) annular reflection light source and a bicolourable ultra-thin LED backlight source; the image acquisition device is sleeved and fixed at the upper part of the focusing mechanism through the lens base; the bottom of the focusing mechanism is connected with an oil flow channel in ferrography through a thread; the LED annular reflection light source is fixedly connected with a threaded lens cone in the focusing mechanism; the bicolourable ultra-thin LED backlight source is adhered to a sedimentary slide in the oil flow channel in the ferrography. According to the invention, the object distance and the image distance are respectively adjusted through the focusing mechanism; the focal distance error of the lens is corrected; ferrography imaging with the fixed rate of 1.8 times can be realized; simultaneously, high-brightness and uniform illumination can be provided by adopting the LED annular reflection light source; the bicolourable ultra-thin LED backlight source as the transmission light source is wide in illumination range; the full-field ferrography imaging can be realized; the visual online image ferrography imaging system disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of being small in volume, high in imaging quality and easy for extracting visual abrasive particle characteristic information.

A method and system for measuring full field deformation characteristics in three dimensions of a body upon which a pattern of visible marks has been applied. The method includes receiving images of the pattern of marks from at least two digital video cameras as the specimen deforms. A computer processor identifies the centroids of each of the two camera images of the body in a first frame, matches the centroids of the marks in the two images, and generates a three-dimensional representation of the centroids based on the two images, and repeats these steps for the images from the two cameras in a subsequent frame. The computer processor calculates the displacement vector between a three dimensional representation of the centroids and the subsequent three dimensional representation of the centroids, and calculates full field displacement and strain fields based on the displacement vector.

The present invention relates to a full-field reflection phase microscope. In a preferred embodiment, the invention can combine low-coherence interferometry and off-axis digital holographic microscopy (DHM). The reflection-based DHM provides highly sensitive and a single-shot imaging of cellular dynamics while the use of low coherence source provides a depth-selective measurement. A preferred embodiment of the system uses a diffraction grating in the reference arm to generate an interference image of uniform contrast over the entire field-of-view albeit low-coherence light source. With improved path-length sensitivity, the present invention is suitable for full-field measurement of membrane dynamics in live cells with sub-nanometer-scale sensitivity.

The invention relates to an automatic scanning and measuring device with full-field vision, which comprises a CCD camera that is positioned on a pedestal, a linear-structured light generator and a polarizing mirror device, which are all fixed on a steel plate that is taken as a reference plane; the linear-structured light generator is right opposite to the polarizing mirror device, and a linear-structured light plane that is emitted from the linear-structured light generator completely runs through a rotating shaft of a polarizing mirror of the polarizing mirror device; the rotating shaft of the polarizing mirror is vertical to the steel plate reference plane. The automatic scanning and measuring device with full-field vision adopts a measuring method that comprises the following steps: the device is calibrated by utilizing a target, parameters that are obtained from the calibration, the known current rotating position of the polarizing mirror and image information are substituted into transformation formulas I and II, thus obtaining the three-dimensional world coordinates of a measured point; along with the rotation of the polarizing mirror, a reflecting light plane scans a measured object and forms optical strips when being intersected with the measured object, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the points on the optical strips in the world coordinate system reflect the total three-dimensional information of the measured object. The automatic scanning and measuring device with full-field vision realizes the automatic, high-precision and full-field visual scanning and measuring of large-size objects, and has high measuring precision and convenient carry.

The invention discloses a whole-field testing method for the internal flow of a drip emitter maze flow channel, which belongs to the technical field of detection. Firstly, a transparent cylindrical drip emitter flow channel model and an internal flow rate testing system of the drip emitter maze flow channel are constructed, and water flow moving action is represented by the following movement of a tracer particle and a DPIV system on the basis of tracer fluorescent particles; and by a laser beam illumination flow field, a CCD camera is used for continuously shooting pictures of the flow field, and related computation is carried out on two continuous frames of particle pictures so as to obtain the characteristic parameters of the speed flow field. The invention utilizes a microscope objective to modify a conventional CCD camera so as to successfully solve the contradiction between the shooting area and the image resolution of the internal fluid flow of the critical scale of the drip emitter flow channel and successfully realize the two-dimensional whole-field and quasi-three-dimensional local undisturbed test of the internal flow field of the drip emitter flow channel. The invention has the flowing characteristics of the maze flow channel and the characteristic of being consistent with the whole-field test result display of the existing numerical simulation and water flow movement.

The invention provides a free-moving type three-dimensional scanning method, belongs to the field of optical detection, and relates to a full three-dimensional skeleton surveying method, a handheld measuring device and a multi-angle splicing method based on texture, the curvature of surface and normal directions. Mobile handheld high-precision three-dimensional scanning is a problem of the scanning field, according to the free-moving type three-dimensional scanning method, a three-frequency color fringe projection method is utilized to project three-frequency color fringes of 1 : 4 :12 to the surface of a tested object through a projection device, and a camera is used for shooting a deformed fringe pattern in a single-frame exposure mode. On one hand, a three-frequency phase unwrapping method is adopted by the deformed fringe pattern to calculate out high-frequency carrier frequency to unwrap a phase, and system calibration parameters are used for obtaining a three-dimensional point cloud of the tested object; on the other hand, a texture pattern of the surface of the tested object can be recovered through the deformed fringe pattern. Handheld scanning has a higher requirement for multi-angle splicing, and by means of the free-moving type three-dimensional scanning method, non-mark splicing of multi-angle point clouds is achieved according to the color texture characteristics, measurement of the curvature of surface and restraint of the normal directions.