The invention discloses an ink direct-writing 3D printing conductive polymer-based miniature supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage. The miniature supercapacitor comprises a substrate, a current collector, an interdigital electrode, a gel electrolyte and a packaging layer, and the electrode material is PEDOT: PSS / MXene composite hydrogel. PEDOT: PSS is subjected to phase separation through ethylene glycol, a conductive PEDOT phase is formed, and the conductivity of the material is improved. Through electrostatic interaction of MXene and PEDOT: PSS, aggregation is prevented, and it is guaranteed that the ink has excellent printability; meanwhile, the loose and porous structure is beneficial to transmission of electrolyte ions, and excellent electrochemical performance is obtained. The conductive polymer-based miniature supercapacitor has high area capacitance, rate capability, energy density, power density and excellent low temperature resistance, and has huge potential in the field of flexible energy storage.