30 results about "Biological soil crust" patented technology

The invention discloses a cultivation method of a moss and desert algae composite crust. The cultivation method comprises the first step of collecting in summer a superior kind of moss in a natural habitat of an area to be restored; the second step of returning activities of the moss; the third step of using distilled water to wash moss crust the activities of which are returned and obtaining moss gametophyte; the fourth step of putting the gametophyte into a solid culture medium to be subjected to cultivation after the gametophyte is subjected to sterilization and obtaining moss protonema; the fifth step of picking the moss protonema and conducting static liquid cultivation to obtain differentiated gametophyte, and putting the gametophyte into a fluid culture medium to conduct aerobic cultivation; the sixth step of conducting aerobic cultivation on the desert algae through the fluid culture medium till a logarithmic growth phase, and obtaining algae thick liquid after removing supernatant; the seventh step of mixing the moss gametophyte with the desert algae thick liquid and afterwards inoculating the moss gametophyte and the desert algae thick liquid to the surface of desertification soil, and cultivating the moss and desert algae composite crust. The cultivation method of the moss and desert algae composite crust is easy to carry out and convenient to operate, evolvement process of biological soil crust in a desert area is accelerated, and fast treatment of desertification soil in arid and semi-arid lands is realized.

The present invention relates to a process for restoring disturbed arid land soil crust. According to the process, site-sourced biological soil crusts (BSC) serve as sources for liquid suspension inoculants onto degraded arid lands. The BSC are gathered from near the disturbed site, and organisms from them are cultured, replicated and multiplied many times, preferably off-site. Then, this inoculant resulting from the indigenous population is distributed live and active in a liquid suspension over the entire area of the disturbed site.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental biology and specifically relates to a fungus and a quick cultivation method of a fungus-blue algae composite lichen crust. In the invention, exophiala oligosperma Zh2 obtained by screening belongs to a high-yield exopolysaccharides strain; the exophiala oligosperma Zh2 and blue algae are composited and applied to biological soil crust for artificial sand fixing, so that on one hand, the exophiala oligosperma Zh2 can supply a carbon source for growth of the blue algae, on the other hand, grains of sand can be cemented to form a stable aggregate, therefore, the carbon and nitrogen contents of soil and the soil enzyme activity are improved, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, and the nutritional level ofthe soil is remarkably promoted. The fungus and the blue algae are mixed and inoculated on quicksand, so that a stable composite crust can be quickly formed, and the cultivation period is short; meanwhile, the stability of an artificial crust is improved, and the process of succession from an algae crust to the lichen crust is added. The drought resistant ability of the fungus-blue algae compositelichen crust cultivated by adopting the method is obviously higher than that of a single algae crust, which indicates that the composite crust can better adapt to a harsh environment of a drought region.

The invention relates to composition for ecological restoration using of barren land including alga, culture medium of the alga, soil fixing agent and ultra water absorbing materials, and a method for restoring the degraded ecology by them. According to the invention, biological soil crust can be formed in a short time; desertization and yellow sand can be avoided; waste coal mine and oil polluted land are improved into an ecological environment suitable for growth of plants; and ecological and environmental pollution caused by desert, waste coal mine and oil polluted land can be avoided.

Systems and methods are described for the production and application of a cyanobacteria based biological soil crust inoculant for soil fertilization, soil stabilization and the drawing down and sequestering of atmospheric carbon. Inoculant is generated as a dry granulate that can be stockpiled and spread onto soils using standard agricultural spreading practices employing aircraft, ground equipment and irrigation systems. This inoculant will have particular application in stabilizing agricultural and arid land soils to limit their erosion, increasing soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and providing nutrients, and drawing down atmospheric carbon dioxide by stimulating the growth and propagation of these biological soil crusts and their associated microorganisms and vascular plants. The effect of this carbon dioxide draw down will further the broad scale application of the soil crust inoculant by industries and nations interested in offsetting their anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions while increasing the fertility of their soils.

The invention provides a detection method of biological soil crust polysaccharide. On the one hand, the detection method comprises the step of extracting the biological soil crust exopolysaccharide byadopting water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, wherein the extraction method is economic and convenient, the equipment is simple, and the polysaccharide yield is high; on the other hand,the hydrolyzed polysaccharide after extraction is derivatively treated by adopting saccharin acetate derivatization method and the trimethyl silane derivatization method, the monosaccharide in different types can be detected, and the detection comprehensiveness is ensured; furthermore, the monosaccharide component after derivatization treatment is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by adopting gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis method and an internal standard method, and three are collaboratively used, so that the detection method of the biological coil crust polysaccharidecan detect the polysaccharide with high sensitivity and accuracy; and meanwhile, the detection method disclosed by the invention is easy to realize, and the method is easy to popularize and apply.

The invention relates to a remediation method of ionic type rare earth tailings soil. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a biological crust sample of soil to be repaired; separating and purifying the biological crust sample, and culturing to obtain nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria; carrying out propagation culture on nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria to obtain cyanobacteria crust algae liquid; carrying out propagation culture on the AM fungus inoculant; and treating to-be-restored soil through the cyanobacteria crust algae liquid and the AM fungus fungicide subjected to propagation culture, and sowing pioneer plants. The biological soil crust, AM fungi and pioneer plants are combined to improve the soil in the ionic rare earth waste tailing area, enhance the water binding capacity of the soil, reduce the concentration of heavy metals and ammonia nitrogen in the soil and improve the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil.

The invention provides a rapid cultivation method for forming biological soil crusts from ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil and an application of the rapid cultivation method, and belongs to the field of environmental biotechnology. The rapid cultivation method comprises the following steps of 1) selecting a plurality of different types of biological soil crusts, and performing impurity removal, air drying and crushing to obtain different types of crushed crusts; 2) inoculating the different types of crushed crusts obtained in the step (1) to the surface of soil, and carrying out constant-temperature illumination cultivation for 7-9 weeks to obtain different types of candidate artificially cultivated biological soil crusts; and 3) with the crust coverage as a first screening index and the plant height as a second screening index, performing screening to obtain the most dominant artificially cultivated biological soil crusts. Cultivation is continued for 240-260 days, and the influence of the development of the artificially cultivated biological soil crusts on the physicochemical and hydrological properties of the ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil is researched. The artificialbiological soil crusts provided by the invention has good effects of improving the ionic rare earth abandoned mine soil and preventing and treating water and soil loss.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil treatment, in particular to a desertified soil treatment method. The method comprises the steps of data collection, environment measurement, soil layer remediation, inspection maintenance and process analysis. Due to the fact that an existing desertified soil treatment mode is single, and meanwhile, a simple accumulated comprehensive treatment mode is carried out, the treatment effect of the mode is still limited; and therefore, the survival condition for treating initial biological soil crust is ensured through spraying and water supplementing measures in inspection maintenance, partial consolidation and water storage performance of the soil layer is recovered by matching with laid sunshade nets and sand barriers and assisting the modification effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose on the soil layer, then the engineering sand stabilization method and the chemical sand stabilization method are combined, the success rate of biological desertification control is increased, continuously covered vegetation is formed in the desertified soil, and optimal treatment measures are deployed by combining water supplementing in inspection maintenance and recording and analysis in the treatment process, so that the application effect of the desertified soil treatment method is stabilized.

Biological soil crust is a common complex formed by cementation of tiny organisms and soil particles on the earth surface of an arid and semi-arid region, and the biological soil crust is extremely easy to adsorb organic substances and micro-plastics due to the special physical structure and chemical composition of the biological soil crust. Due to the fact that the organic matter and the micro-plastic have similar properties and structures, the micro-plastic is not prone to being separated from the biological soil crust layer with the concentrated organic matter content in the detection process, and quantitative analysis is not prone to being carried out. The invention relates to a method for extracting soil micro-plastics in a biological soil crust layer according to the proportion of 2 ml corn germ oil/g biological soil crust, gradually diluting an extracting solution according to three stages, namely two times of each stage, and heating by using a high-temperature probe to promote the structure and form of the micro-plastics to change, so the problem that organic matters in the crust layer interfere with quantitative analysis of the microplastics is effectively solved, and the quantitative analysis precision and efficiency of the soil microplastics in the biological soil crust layer are improved. The method is simple to operate, low in cost and high in accuracy.

The invention discloses a field environment nitrogen fixation activity ARA determination method and device. The field environment nitrogen fixation activity ARA determination method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting biological soil crusts (hereinafter referred to as biological crusts) with nitrogen fixation activity under a field environment condition; s2, spraying distilled water to the biological crust, and then covering the biological crust with a glass cover to form a closed space; S3, injecting acetylene gas into the glass cover by using an acetylene injection device, and thenculturing for more than 3 hours; S4, after the culture is finished, extracting the gas in the glass cover by using an extraction device, then analyzing the gas by using a gas chromatographic analysisinstrument, and finally performing measurement to obtain data. A field in-situ observation and research mode is adopted; the field in-situ measurement result is obtained by matching with a self-designed simple and convenient scientific research instrument, the measurement result better conforms to the actual situation of the field environment, and the problems that an existing ARA measurement method can only perform measurement in a laboratory and the measurement result cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of field complex environment change are solved.