2748 results about "Edaphic" patented technology

A method and apparatus for detecting and locating leaks in buried pipes is disclosed in which ground penetrating radar, induction, acoustic, and vacuum excavation systems are selected based on soil conditions and then employed in selected combinations. The conductivity and wave speed of the soil are used in the selection process and in the process of detecting and locating a leak based on the measurements obtained from the selected combination of detection systems.

An agricultural planting system and method comprising a soil sampling and analysis means, wherein soil samples are taken and analyzed in real-time during a planting operation (or, optionally, via a separate, prior operation) to determine the conditions and nutrient content of the soil, and a planting system, wherein the planting system is capable of planting seeds in any arbitrary position on an X-Y plane directly beneath the planting system, whereby the data gathered from the analyzed soil samples is used to determine the optimal placement of seeds or plants in a field in order to take advantage of the soil conditions present and to optimize crop yield.

Standard test methods for determining one-dimensional consolidation properties of soils using incremental loading in accordance with ASTM D2435, or AASHTO 216, and of those of other international and organizations, do not accurately predict the values of vertical settlement, coefficients of consolidation in horizontal and vertical directions, and modulus of elasticity in vertical direction, because fixed ring used in these tests do not allow horizontal settlement and dissipation of excess pore-water pressures in horizontal direction, whereas, in field, under application of a vertical load, both horizontal and vertical settlements occur along with dissipation of excess pore-water pressures in both vertical and horizontal directions. To overcome this more than 100 year old problem, the inventor (Dr. Ramesh Chandra Gupta, Ph. D., P.E.) has invented a test device for determining three-dimensional consolidation properties of soils, using a flexible ring which permits development of horizontal and vertical displacements, and dissipation of excess pore-water pressures in both horizontal and vertical directions, along with increased lateral resistance as takes place in field at any depth in a soil deposit when vertical load at the surface is applied.The flexible ring consists of filter fabric around the soil specimen, rubber membrane around the filter fabric, circular segmental metal plates around the membrane and elastomeric rubber bands or spring loaded jacket around the segmental plates, and allows horizontal and vertical displacements, dissipation of pore-water pressures in horizontal and vertical directions to take place with increased lateral resistance with each increment of vertical load like those in the field. Thus new test device simulates field condition to allow accurate determination of three-dimensional consolidation properties of soils (such as settlements, coefficients of consolidation in horizontal and vertical directions, and modulus of elasticity).For this new test device, conventional incremental consolidation frame or triaxial type chamber system either with the triaxial loading system or modified to adapt to incremental consolidation frame, shall be used to perform three-dimensional consolidation tests.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a functional organic fertilizer for soil restoration. The method comprises the following steps: mixing crushed straws with blue-green algae according to the mass ratio of (1-5):10 to obtain a mixture, and then adding a biomass-transformed complex microbial inoculant and a biomass-transformed inductive material to the mixture; evenly mixing and then carrying out conventional stacking fermentation for 5-15 days, so as to obtain a semi-solid organic fertilizer; and mixing and pelletizing the semi-solid organic fertilizer, clay, biomass carbon ash and a heavy metal ion chelating agent according to the ratio of 1000:(50-200):(50-150):(1-5), so as to obtain the functional organic fertilizer for soil restoration. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention has a persistent slow-release fertilizer effect, and can adsorb, chelate and immobilize the heavy metal ions in a deactivation manner, soil fleeciness is facilitated, the moisture retention and the breathability are improved, rooting of plants is facilitated, formation of beneficial components of soil microelements and the like is optimized, the heavy metal-polluted soil is effectively restored, and secondary pollution of the soil is not caused.

An irrigation modeling framework in precision agriculture utilizes a combination of weather data, crop data, and other agricultural inputs to create customized agronomic models for diagnosing and predicting a moisture state in a field, and a corresponding need for, and timing of, irrigation activities. Specific combinations of various agricultural inputs can be applied, together with weather information to identify or adjust water-related characteristics of crops and soils, to model optimal irrigation activities and provide advisories, recommendations, and scheduling guidance for targeted application of artificial precipitation to address specific moisture conditions in a soil system of a field.

The invention discloses a remediation agent for treating arsenic contaminated soil and a usage of the remediation agent. The remediation agent comprises the following raw materials by mass: 5-30% of oxidant, 30-70% of iron-based compound and 10-60% of mineral material. The raw materials are respectively ground into materials with particle size not smaller than 200 meshes and are mixed uniformly according to the proportion. The usage of the remediation agent for treating the arsenic contaminated soil comprises the following steps that: the arsenic content and the leaching toxicity of the to-be-treated contaminated soil are detected; the remediation agent with different ratios according to the degree of contamination is paved on the surface of the to-be-treated soil; the soil is turned over and uniformly mixed to form the mixed soil; the water content in the mixed soil is kept not to be less than 25% by adding water; a moisturizing material is covered on the mixed soil; and the mixed soil is cured for at least 5 days in order to allow the remediation agent in the mixed soil to be reacted with unstable arsenic in the heavy metal contaminated soil; and the generated insoluble arsenate sediment is stabilized, so that the cured soil can meet the environment protection requirements.

The invention relates to an in-situ rain leaching repair system for contaminated soil. The in-situ rain leaching repair system at least comprises three parts, namely a rain collection part, a leaching repair part and a waste water treatment part, wherein the rain collection part is provided with water guiding pipes, a water collecting tank and canals, the leaching repair part is provided with an observation well, water collecting pipes and plants planted for the soil phytoremediation, the observation well is built in a middle-upper layer of contaminated soil, and the water collecting pipes are in the middle-lower layer; and the waste water treatment part is provided with a filter tank, a microorganism putting tank, an electric separation tank, a wind power generating set and the like, leaching waste water is firstly filtered by the filter tank, and is then repaired by the microorganism putting tank, and finally, the leaching waste water passes through the electric separation tank to process heavy metal so as to obtain the purified liquid. The in-situ rain leaching repair system establishes a complete contaminated soil simulated repairing system for the soil in an aeration zone, and combines repair technologies of leaching, plants, microorganisms, electric separation and the like. The in-situ rain leaching repair system has the characteristics of energy conservation, emission reduction and no secondary pollution, and is suitable for repairing the soil in a large-area aeration zone with little pollution.

A planter / fertilizer wherein there is provided a ripping point configured to penetrate a predetermined depth into the soil or sod, the ripping point designed to facilitate a splitting and lifting of the soil, forming a seed bed void, while cutting any organic ground cover, which might comprise, for example, sod, widening the ground cover, and lifting same to a prominent head, wherein first and second coulters, situated above and about the ripping point, are configured to independently engage and cut first and second sides of the lifted ground cover, trash and the like, respectively, then cutting the lifted ground cover, etc., as the coulters rotate, the coulters cooperatively grinding at least a portion of the lifted ground cover, forming tilth, and redepositing the tilth into the seedbed void, providing an enhanced seedbed region with nominal surface disturbance, and a clean furrow. Situated behind the first and second mole plows and fertilizer and seed chutes are opposing first and second wheels, the first wheel a larger diameter furrow trimming wheel, having outwardly emanating therefrom a depth ring or drum for controlling the depth and covering of the seed for the first side of the furrow, the second wheel being smaller in diameter than the first and situated to trim the furrow and assist further in covering the seed for the second side of the furrow, the first and second wheels having different diameters so that they cooperatively rotate at different speeds to prevent clogging, and are situated at opposing angles on horizontal and vertical planes so as to be self cleaning in a variety of soil conditions. Following the first and second wheels is a pressure wheel about the width of the furrow, which is directed over the furrow so as to apply pressure to the furrow, flattening so as to complete the furrow forming process.

The invention discloses a method for comprehensively improving saline and alkaline land soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: applying different amounts of special improving medium for the saline and alkaline land soil according to the saline and alkaline conditions and carrying out rotary tillage for 1-2 times to uniformly mix the medium with the soil, wherein the applying amount of the improving medium is 10 kg / sq.m in a severe saline and alkaline land, 8 kg / sq.m in a moderate saline and alkaline land and 5 kg / sq.m in a light saline and alkaline land; inputting water to immerse the land surface, and then draining water after immersing for 3-8 hours; then covering a layer of nutrient-rich substrate with the thickness of 5-10 cm on the surface layer of the water-drained soil; finally, putting at least 20 alive earthworms into each square meter of soil and then farming. The method provided by the invention can overcome the disadvantages that the traditionalimproving technology is single and the saline and alkaline problem cannot be radically solved; by utilizing the method, the composition of a microorganism system of the whole farming layer is abundant, the structure is complicated and the function is complete; a good circulation of a spontaneous fermentation synthesis is formed, the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the soil is inhibited, and the saline and alkaline land is effectively and systematically improved.

The invention discloses an electrodynamic and drop-irrigation combined heavy-metal-polluted soil remediation method. The method comprises the following steps of: mounting positive and negative electrodes at the two ends of heavy-metal-polluted soil, wherein the positive and negative electrodes are made from carbon fibers; respectively placing adsorbents between the positive electrode and the polluted soil and between the negative electrode and the polluted soil; placing a drop irrigation device above soil close to the absorbents; slowly dropwise adding electrolyte, buffer solution or a complexing agent and the like into the polluted soil at the two sides, and carrying out periodic polarity switching, wherein heavy metal moves under the action of electric migration and is adsorbed by the adsorbents, thus concentration of the heavy metal in the soil is reduced. According to the invention, drop irrigation technology is applied to polluted soil electric remediation, a complex anode chamber, a complex cathode chamber and an electrolyte circulating system in the traditional electrodynamic remediation are not used, a proper amount of drop irrigation liquid is reserved in the soil, electrolyte and secondary pollution are effectively avoided, and the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, operation convenience, practicability, effectiveness and the like.

The invention discloses a bacterial strain b capable of resisting the growth of heavy metal Cd and reducing sulfate, and a bacterial strain capable of resisting the growth of the heavy metal Cd and solubilizing phosphate. The classification and name of the bacterial strain b and the bacterial strain are respectively enterbacter ludwigii SRB-2-5U-2 and pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum LB-4-4-1c, which are already preserved in the Common Microbe Center of the China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms. The bacterial strains disclosed by the invention can be used for simultaneously remediating the surface soil, deep soil and rhizosphere soil of a plant, reducing the pollution of Cd to surface water and underground water, and also improving the activity and fertility of the soil.

The invention particularly discloses a comprehensive evaluation method for remediation effects of heavy metal contaminated soil based on plants, soil and microorganisms. The method comprises the steps that (1) a contaminated soil remediation effect evaluation system is constructed; (2) evaluation indicators are determined; (3) the evaluation indicators are subjected to normalization processing; (4) weights of all the evaluation indicators are determined; and (5) an evaluation score of remedied soil is calculated, and comparison is performed in combination with evaluation standards to obtain the remediation effects of the heavy metal contaminated soil treated by different remediation means. According to the evaluation method, the evaluation indicators include three criterion layer factors, nine element layer factors and fourteen indicator layer factors in total and cover content in the aspects of chemistry, microorganisms and plants, farmland functions and contamination remediation actual conditions are comprehensively considered, the method is suitable for comprehensive evaluation of contamination remediation work and large-range remediation work evaluation, and compared with existing evaluation methods, the method is more comprehensive, accurate and scientific.

The invention relates to a microbial agent for repairing petroleum-polluted saline alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of resource environment. According to a principle of microbial ecology, microbial community is extracted and screened from soils with high salt and alkali and high petroleum pollution to prepare the microbial agent, wherein obligate petroleum degrading bacteria can be sphingolipid bacteria, comamonas, chitin autophagy bacteria and bacillus. According to culture medium and soil environment experiments, the microbial agent can guarantee that the extracted microorganism can be survived in the soils with the salt content of 5,000mg / kg, and meanwhile, the degradation capability to the polluted soils with the petroleum content of 10-50g / kg can reach 80%. The microbial agent has the advantages of simple process, rich microorganisms, obvious dominant bacteria, good stability and capability of facilitating obligate petroleum degrading bacteria to adapt to a new pollution environment, increasing and improving the micro-ecological environment quality of the soils and avoiding secondary pollution to the environment, and can obviously improve the degradation efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon in the saline alkali soil.

The invention provides a greenhouse gas discharging and collection device for soil at different depths. The device comprises more than two gas collectors with different lengths of circular gas storage tubes. The device is simple in structure, convenient to use and suitable for collecting greenhouse gas at different depths of soil with non-saturated water and soil with saturated water in a non-growth season and can continuously collect gas such as CO2, N2O and CH4; when the gas is collected, the environment interference is small, so that the influence factor in a gas collection process is reduced; the device is easy to operate; the collected greenhouse gas has representativeness in discharging intensity in a unit area; and the device can continuously observe discharging of the greenhouse gas of the soil for many years and can observe the accumulation situation of the greenhouse gas in a freezing process and the discharging situation in a soil melting process. The device can be widely applied to observation and research on discharging of the greenhouse gas of various types of soil at different depths in a farmland, a grassland, a wet land and the like.

The invention discloses a method and an apparatus for detecting deep soil humidity through microwave remote sensing, and relates to the technology of microwave remote sensing. The method for detecting deep soil humidity through microwave remote sensing is provided by utilizing an object-penetrative property of microwave low-frequency bands and also disclosed is the apparatus for detecting deep soil humidity through microwave remote sensing. Backscattering coefficients of soils are tested. Soil humidity of different depth is obtained through inverting a deep soil scattering model and a soil dielectric model. A three dimensional image of the distribution of soil humidity in a tested area is formed. The working frequency of the apparatus is in the VHF / UHF band. Soil dielectric constants and humidity parameters of different types of soils in a depth of 0.1-10 m can be detected in a contactless and lossless manner.

The invention discloses a method for planting fruit trees in sloping fields, comprising the steps of 1, garden site selection, wherein sloping fields with the gradient smaller than 20 degrees are selected as the planting area; 2, improvement on soil of the garden site, wherein grass grows between lines so as to prevent water and soil loss, and the grass can be taken as green manure to be returned to the garden site after being cut, so as to further improve the soil environment of the garden and fertilize the soil productivity; 3, planning of functions of the area of the garden site, wherein planting areas, roads, arrangement of drainage and irrigation systems, rooms for management, tools and rooms for agricultural materials, packaging fields, dosing pools and protection forest zones are planted on the area of the garden site; and 4, planting fixing and planting of the seedlings, wherein planting density, planting method and fruit tree support arrangement are determined according to the varieties of the planted fruit trees, the fruit trees are planted in the planting zone, region planning is carried out on the sloping field, the soil of the sloping field is improved, the fruit trees are planted according to lines or rows, and terrace-type planting is not carried out any more, thereby being convenient for work of mechanical devices and keeping the original landform of the sloping field.

The invention relates to an improvement method for soil of a saline and alkaline land. The improvement method mainly comprises the following treatment steps of: carrying out on-site investigation on a plot to be improved; taking a water sample; carrying out soil sample analysis; carrying out water sample analysis; designing an improving scheme; carrying out an indoor leaching test: fully mixing and stirring a soil bulking agent, a chemical amendment and raw soil, filling a soil column with the mixture and watering the soil column to conduct a leaching experiment, wherein the soil bulking agent is added in an amount of 5-20% by volume of the saline-alkaline soil; the chemical amendment is added in an amount of 0.5kg / m2 to 5kg / m2 based on the volume fo the saline-alkaline soil; uniformly stirring the soil bulking agent, the chemical amendment and the saline and alkaline soil according to the ratio; setting a salt eliminating trench; burying a salt eliminating device; carrying out water irrigation and salt elimination; and testing the physical and chemical indexes of leaching water and soil. The invention provides the improvement method for soil of the saline and alkaline land. On the premise of not replacing soil, by virtue of adding the saline and alkaline soil amendment and after operations of engineering stirring and water irrigation and salt elimination, the saline and alkaline land is thoroughly improved, so that the saline and alkaline land can be used for agricultural production or afforestation of city.

The invention discloses a polluted site underground water processing-soil ex-situ leaching restoration integral method. The method comprises the steps that: extracted underground water is purified by using organic bentonite, and is discharged into a water storage tank and is used in a soil leaching process; with a multilevel wet vibration sieve, stones and coarse sand are separated from soil; a soil suspension liquid obtained by sieving enters a hydrocyclone; fine particles smaller than 0.05mm are processed and discharged into a frame filter press, and pollutants are removed with a thermal desorption method; particles larger than 0.05mm and the coarse sand are delivered into a leaching tank; a leaching liquid is a surfactant solution; stirring and ultrasonic processing are carried out, and standing sedimentation is carried out; upper-layer water phase is subjected to filtering and organic bentonite purification, and is discharged into a dispensing tank; lower-layer soil is delivered into a washing tank; stirring and ultrasonic processing are carried out, and standing sedimentation is carried out; soil phase is discharged into the frame filter press; and the soil reaches a standard and can be backfilled. With the method, underground water and soil synchronous restoration and leaching liquid recycling are realized. The method is easy to realize, and can be widely applied. The method can be used in polluted site soil and underground water restoration projects.

The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy-metal pollution restoration of soil and particularly relates to a method for restoring soil chromium-polluted soil. According to the main principle of the method, sludge, straws, the chromium-polluted soil and composite strains BYM (Bacterial Enzyme) are mixed and fermented and biological enzyme, organic sugar, and other substances which are generated in a microbial fermentation process are used for reducing hexavalent chrome contained in soil into trivalent chromium; and then chromium pollutants contained in the soil are thoroughly removed by planting a chromium hyperaccumulator. Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention belongs to an in-situ restoration technology, has the advantages of small investment, low operation cost and minimal environmental disturbance, can improve the hardening degree of the soil, enhance the loose degree of the soil and increase the content of organic matters contained in the soil and is favorable to the plant growth of the restored soil.

The invention discloses a biological organic fertilizer for improving the stress resistance and the output of paddy rice and a preparation method thereof. The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components: an organic mixture adsorbed with a composite microbe liquid preparation, an organic substance, a Bacillus subtilis inoculum, a Bacillus licheniformis inoculum, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculum, a Rhodopseudomonas palustris inoculum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The biological organic fertilizer of the invention is rich in beneficial microbe florae and major and trace elements needed by the growth of various crops, so the ecological florae and the trace elements of soil can be supplemented and adjusted, phosphor dissolving and potassium releasing capabilities of soil are enhanced, effective nutrients can be strongly decomposed, converted and synthesized, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, the granular structure formation is promoted, hardened and morbid soil is restored, the soil fertility is increased, various soil-borne diseases are inhibited, the growth and the fructification of the crops are promoted, and the stress resistance and the output of the crops are substantially improved.

The invention provides a method and a device for measuring photosynthesis, breath and transpiration of a plant canopy or / and breath and evaporation of soil. The device is formed by assembling a box base, three boxes (a light box, a dark box and a bare box), a multichannel magnetic valve, an infrared gas analyzer, a data collector, a temperature sensor, a baroceptor and an air pump. The invention can be used for measuring population photosynthesis-breath-evaporation and breath-evaporation of various plants, such as farmland, lawns, bushes, and the like and observing photosynthesis, breath and transpiration of plants and breath and transpiration of soil at the same place and the same time, and can realize the continuous observation and scientific split of various components.

The invention relates to a method of, and system (200) for, obtaining an indication of the soil strength of soil (100) over which a compactor roller (10) travels. The method includes determining the depth to which a drum (14) of the compactor roller (10) penetrates into and depresses the soil (100) when the compactor roller (10) travels over a soil surface. The system (200) includes a compactor roller (10), a measuring arrangement (40) and a processor (50) which is operatively connected to the measuring arrangement (40) and which is configured to process data received from the measuring arrangement (40). The measuring arrangement (40) includes an inertia! measurement unit (70, 72, 74) which is operatively connected to the compactor roller (10), wherein the arrangement (40) is configured to obtain an indication of the soil strength of soil (100) over which the compactor roller (10) travels during operation, by determining the depth to which the drum (14) penetrates into and depresses the soil (100) over which it travels.

The invention relates to a method for recovering the wetland of hurt lake, with plant biological theory, ecological theory, etc, wherein the invention can increase the lives of wetland system, and recover the natural wetland ecological system, to realize the self-maintenance function of natural wetland group. Therefore, via the metabolism, physical and chemical functions of wetland plant and soil, the organic and inorganic can be stop at the wetland system, while the harmful one is decomposed into innocuous one, to purify the water. The invention has low cost, and high purifying efficiency.

An artificial soil and a method for growing vegetation on a sloped surface using the same are disclosed. The artificial soil is produced by mixing peat or grass peat in a concentration of 15˜40% by volume, paper chip or pulp chip in a concentration of 20˜43% by volume, saw dust or bark or wood chip in a concentration of 5˜30% by volume, fermented animal waste or dried animal waste in a concentration of 7˜30% by. volume, and a microbe activator, frisol F in a concentration of 2˜10% by volume; and by adding clay or Silt (SILT) or granular soil in a concentration of 20˜45% by volume to the mixture. The method comprises forming a vegetation base layer by applying the artificial soil to a sloped surface; waiting until the vegetation base layer has a crack by a shrinkage; and applying a seed mixture of artificial soil over the vegetation base layer, the seed mixture of artificial soil obtained by adding a myocardium catalyst, a microbe activator, a material binder, an evaporation prevention material, and grass seeds, weed seeds, and tree seeds to the artificial soil with water. According to another aspect, there is provided a method for growing vegetation on a sloped surface using an artificial soil, comprising: installing a meshing formed from PVC coated wire on a surface of a cut sloped surface with a certain gap; applying the artificial soil between the surface of the sloped surface and the meshing, and onto the meshing, thereby forming a base layer of artificial soil; waiting until the base layer of artificial soil has a crack by a shrinkage; and forming a seed mixture layer of artificial soil on a surface of the base layer of artificial soil by applying a seed mixture of artificial soil onto the surface of the base layer of artificial soil, the seed mixture of artificial soil obtained by adding a myocardium catalyst, a microbe activator, a material binder, an evaporation prevention material, indigenous grass seeds, weed seeds, and tree seeds to the artificial soil with water.

The invention provides the application of trichoderma reesei and sedum plumbizincicola in the remediation of cadmium-polluted farmland soil. The application comprises the following steps of: cutting sedum plumbizincicola seedlings with about 10cm of plant height into soil to be remedied, applying trichoderma reesei FS10-C fermentation liquor or microbial preparation to the rhizosphere of the plant, keeping the soil water content to be 70%wt of the maximum field capacity in the process of remediation, and scissoring the plant along the surface of soil after the plant grows for 60-150 days to complete one remediation process. According to the application, the plant remediation efficiency of the cadmium-polluted farmland soil can be improved; and the sedum plumbizincicola plant remediation efficiency can be improved according to the trichoderma preparation, the biomass of the soil microorganism can be enhanced, the micro-ecological environment of the soil can be improved, and the application is good in ecological efficiency, and suitable for the remediation of the cadmium-polluted farmland soil.

The present invention relates to botanical repairing technology of polluted environment, and is especially the method of utilizing super enriching plant in repairing heavy metal contaminated soil. The method includes planting castor in lead contaminated soil for the root system of castor to absorb lead from soil and removing the castor in blooming stage or maturing stage from the contaminated soil. The said method can eliminate lead from the contaminated soil to repair lead contaminated soil without affecting the physical and chemical properties, and has low power consumption, low cost, easy operation, no secondary pollution and other advantages.

The invention relates to a soil conditioner using biomass power plant ash as a raw material, comprising 80-94 wt% of biomass power plant ash, 5-10 wt% of saw powder, and 1-10 wt% of binding agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the raw materials in proportion, adding 0.15-0.30 times of water, and uniformly stirring; (2) carrying out granulation; (3) drying after granulation until the water content being 8-10 wt% at a temperature of 70-150 DEG C; and (4) sieving, weighing and bagging for subsequent use. The application method is characterized by using 50-150 kg of the soil conditioner in per 667 m<2> acid soil. According to the invention, the acid-base balance of the soil is greatly improved, the medium trace elements taken away from the soil in harvesting biomass are supplemented, the reasonable circulation of nutritive components is realized, the growth of plants is promoted; simultaneously the sustained release of mineral elements is achieved, and the utilization rate of fertilizers is greatly increased.