The invention discloses a two-dimensional conjugated dibenzofuran conjugated polymer photoelectric material and a preparation method and application thereof. The polymer has a structural formula as shown in formula I, wherein A1, A2, R1 and R2 independently represent any one of the following groups: hydrogen, C1-C30 alkyl group, C1-C30 alkoxy group, cyan group, nitro group, ester group, aryl group, aralkyl group, halogen, alkylogen group, heteralkyl group, alkenyl group, and aryl group substituted by a substituent of a single bond, a double bond, a triple bond or combination thereof; Ar1, Ar2 and Ar independently represent any one of the following unsubstituted groups or groups containing a substituent: vinylidene group, ethynylene group, single ring arylene group, double ring arylene group, arylene group containing at least three rings, single ring heteroarylene group, double ring heteroarylene group, and conjugated units of heteroarylene group containing at least three rings, and n is a natural number between 5 and 500. The polymer material disclosed by the invention can be applied in the photoelectric field such as organic solar batteries and the high-mobility field effect tube field. (Formula I).