The invention discloses a method for preparing a high filling polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin composite material by employing industrial solid wastes and belongs to the field of chemical materials. According to the method, the industrial solid wastes and polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin serve as main raw materials, the industrial solid wastes are subjected to surface modification, the compatibility between the industrial solid wastes and the polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin is improved, the liquidity and processability of the composite material is improved by utilizing a compound plastifier, and the composite material is subjected to mixing and pelleting under the coaction of a proper amount of aids, so that the high filling polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin composite material is prepared. The method is simple in process, low in cost and high in additional value of products. The composite material has the characteristics of high filling amount of industrial solid wastes, enough strength and toughness, environment friendliness, stable performance and the like and can be widely applied to preparing green building materials and advanced engineering products in various fields of national economy.