The invention discloses a biological compound fertilizer capable of maintaining agricultural ecological balance, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-55 parts of chicken manure, 25-35 parts of rice bran, 34-46 parts of wheat bran, 10-24 parts of yam, 5-9 parts of sucrose, 9-15 parts of agar, 3-8 parts of ground phosphorite, 4-7 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 4-7 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 parts of phosphoric acid, 5-9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4-7 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 8-12 parts of verticicladiella powder, 0.1-0.2 part of Bacillus thuringiensis powder, 0.1-0.2 part of aschersonia powder, 0.3-0.5 part of bacillus thuringiensis var. powder, 1-3 parts of Cortex Fraxini and 1-2 parts of stemona. The biological compound fertilizer can effectively control underground pest damage, reduce the reproduction rate of pests and kill the underground pests, and has the effect of resisting drooping diseases, blight, rust, greensickness, root rot and other multiple diseases.