The invention belongs to the field of optical test equipment and a use method thereof and particularly discloses an optical fiber dispersion measurement system which comprises a light source system and an interference measurement system, wherein the light source system comprises a pulse laser, an optical isolator, a narrow band filter slice, a reflector set and a photonic crystal optical fiber for a light source; the pulse laser, the optical isolator, the narrow band filter slice, the reflector set and the photonic crystal optical fiber for the light source are sequentially arranged along an optical path; the interference measurement system comprises a beam splitter, a measurement arm for receiving beams reflected and transmitted by the beam splitter, and a reference arm, and optical fiber assemblies to be measured are arranged in the measurement arm; both ends of the photonic crystal optical fiber for the light source are connected with a three-dimensional optical fiber coupling platform; and the beam splitter is additionally provided with an output end, the optical path arranged behind the output end is sequentially provided with a polarizer, a narrow band filter, an endless single mode photonic crystal optical fiber assembly and a data collection and treatment system. By selecting a highly nonlinear photonic crystal optical fiber with a special ventage structure as the photonic crystal optical fiber for the light source, the system can generate super-continuum spectrum white lights so as to measure a dispersion coefficient with high accuracy, high efficiency and low cost.