The invention relates to a rapid nitrogenous wastewater biological treatment process, particularly to a method for rapidly realizing short distance deep denitrogenation by SBR process. The prior short distance biological denitrogenation technique is not suitable for treating wastewater with low C / N ratio. The inventive method comprises the steps of feeding water, aerating, adding equal amount of raw wastewater, aerating, adding equal amount of raw wastewater, aerating, adding external carbon source, aerating, settling, draining, and idle running. The temperature in the overall process is controlled at 30-33 DEG C, the water dissolved oxygen concentration during nitration stage is controlled in the range of 0.8-1.2 mg / L, the mean sludge retention time in the system is 12-15 days, and the aeration amount and the denitrification time of the short distance deep denitrogenation by SBR process is controlled based on the change feature of online parameter pH value. The inventive method has the advantages of good denitrogenation effect, high degree of automation, low energy consumption, convenient operation, low cost, and suitability for treatment of wastewater with low C / N ratio.