The invention discloses an automatic terminal charging / discharging test circuit, comprising a microcontroller and a peripheral circuit, wherein the peripheral circuit comprises an environmental sensor, a switch control circuit, a charger test circuit, a battery test circuit and a communication circuit, wherein the environmental sensor is connected with the microcontroller, and is used to detect environmental information, the switch control circuit is used to enable a terminal to select to test a battery and a charger in an on / off state, the charger test circuit is connected with the switch control circuit and the microcontroller, and is used to detect target parameters of the charger, the battery test circuit is connected with the switch control circuit and the microcontroller, and is used to detect the target parameter of the battery, and the communication circuit is connected with the microcontroller, and is used to send the environmental information and the target parameters to a processor. According to embodiments of the invention, operations such as startup, shutdown, charger replacement and the like in the test process are realized through the switch control circuit, so that full-automatic charging / discharging test is realized, labor cost and time cost are saved, and test efficiency is increased. The invention also discloses a test method.