The invention discloses a high-yield planting method of mushrooms. The high-yield planting method comprises the steps: preparing compost; bagging the prepared compost, performing sterilization, and performing inoculation; performing culturing to obtain mycelia; and performing fruiting management. In the process, the compost is prepared through the steps of adding sunflower seed shells, dried chicken manure, corn cobs, rice bran, fish bone meal, distillers' grains, argy wormwood residues, saw dust powder, sodium alginate, malt sugar, plaster, citric acid, nicotinamide, selenium-enriched yeast and slow release water absorption fillings into water, performing uniform mixing, performing soaking, then adding an organic fertilizer fermentation bacterium agent, performing stacking, performing natural fermentation, performing turning, and then performing natural fermentation so as to obtain the compost. The compost not only can provide adequate nutrition for growth of the mushrooms, but also has higher water retention and air permeability, and provides better growing environment for the mushrooms. Through the adoption of the mushroom planting method provided by the invention, the quality and the yield of the mushrooms can be substantially increased.