66results about How to "Increase electrode surface area" patented technology

The present invention discloses an electrolyzer for electrolyzing water into a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The electrolyzer is adapted to deliver this gaseous mixture to the fuel system of an internal combustion engine. The electrolyzer of the present invention comprises one or more supplemental electrode at least partially immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution interposed between two principle electrodes. The gaseous mixture is generated by applying an electrical potential between the two principal electrodes. The electrolyzer further includes a gas reservoir region for collecting the generated gaseous mixture. The present invention further discloses a method of utilizing the electrolyzer in conjunction with the fuel system of an internal combustion engine to improve the efficiency of said internal combustion engine.

An apparatus and method for electrostatic spray deposition of small targets, such as medical devices like stents. The apparatus includes a target holder which applies a first electrical potential to the target, and an electrostatic dispensing nozzle which applies a second potential sufficient to attract the coating fluid from the nozzle toward the target. Because the entire dispensing nozzle is conductive, the coating fluid may receive a greater charge than may be obtained with internal electrode-type nozzles. Electrostatic attraction of the coating fluid to the target is enhanced by the combination of higher charge density imparted to the coating fluid by the conductive nozzle, and application of a momentary voltage spike to the target to provide consistent conductivity between the target and its holder, thereby ensuring the target is presents the full first potential applied to the holder. The voltage spike may also be used independently of the conductive nozzle.

The present invention relates generally to medical devices; in particular and without limitation, to unique electrodes and / or electrical lead assemblies for stimulating cardiac tissue, muscle tissue, neurological tissue, brain tissue and / or organ tissue; to electrophysiology mapping and ablation catheters for monitoring and selectively altering physiologic conduction pathways; and, wherein said electrodes, lead assemblies and catheters optionally include fluid irrigation conduit(s) for providing therapeutic and / or performance enhancing materials to adjacent biological tissue, and wherein each said device is coupled to or incorporates nanostructure or materials therein. The present invention also provides methods for fabricating, deploying, and operating such medical devices.

An apparatus and method for electrostatic spray deposition of small targets, such as medical devices like stents. The apparatus includes a target holder which applies a first electrical potential to the target, and an electrostatic dispensing nozzle which applies a second potential sufficient to attract the coating fluid from the nozzle toward the target. Because the entire dispensing nozzle is conductive, the coating fluid may receive a greater charge than may be obtained with internal electrode-type nozzles. Electrostatic attraction of the coating fluid to the target is enhanced by the combination of higher charge density imparted to the coating fluid by the conductive nozzle, and application of a momentary voltage spike to the target to provide consistent conductivity between the target and its holder, thereby ensuring the target is presents the full first potential applied to the holder. The voltage spike may also be used independently of the conductive nozzle.

The present invention relates generally to medical devices; in particular and without limitation, to unique electrodes and / or electrical lead assemblies for stimulating cardiac tissue, muscle tissue, neurological tissue, brain tissue and / or organ tissue; to electrophysiology mapping and ablation catheters for monitoring and selectively altering physiologic conduction pathways; and, wherein said electrodes, lead assemblies and catheters optionally include fluid irrigation conduit(s) for providing therapeutic and / or performance enhancing materials to adjacent biological tissue, and wherein each said device is coupled to or incorporates nanostructure or materials therein. The present invention also provides methods for fabricating, deploying, and operating such medical devices.

The present invention discloses an electrolyzer for electrolyzing water into a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The electrolyzer is adapted to deliver this gaseous mixture to the fuel system of an internal combustion engine. The electrolyzer of the present invention comprises one or more supplemental electrode at least partially immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution interposed between two principle electrodes. The gaseous mixture is generated by applying an electrical potential between the two principal electrodes. The electrolyzer further includes a gas reservoir region for collecting the generated gaseous mixture. The present invention further discloses a method of utilizing the electrolyzer in conjunction with the fuel system of an internal combustion engine to improve the efficiency of said internal combustion engine.

The present invention relates to a nanowire array (15, 16) for electrically-controlled elution of a therapeutic composition (5) comprising a plurality of nanoscopic-sized wires (12, 12), nanowires, attached to an electrically conducting solid support (7), said nanowires formed from electroactive conjugated polymer (4) containing or doped with said therapeutic composition (5) coated over a plurality of nanoscopic sized electrically conducting protrusions (8). It also relates to a method for preparing a nanowire array and an electrode.

Unique electrodes and / or electrical lead assemblies are provided for stimulating cardiac tissue, muscle tissue, neurological tissue, brain tissue and / or organ tissue; to electrophysiology mapping and ablation catheters for monitoring and selectively altering physiologic conduction pathways. The electrodes, lead assemblies and catheters optionally include fluid irrigation conduit(s) for providing therapeutic and / or performance enhancing materials to adjacent biological tissue. Each device is coupled to or incorporates nanotube structures or materials therein. Methods for fabricating, deploying, and operating such medical devices are also provided.

An electrocoagulation reactor, and water purification systems and methods using the reactor, are provided. The electrocoagulation reactor has a spirally wound assembly in which electrocoagulation treatment takes place. The spirally wound assembly includes electrode sheets spirally wound in spaced relation with an area for fluid flow in the space between the electrode sheets.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene oxide / alpha fetoprotein aptamer electrochemical sensor. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking carboxylated graphene oxide as a substrate, grafting an aminated alpha fetoprotein aptamer chain on the substrate through carbodiimide reaction, then modifying the obtained compound on an electrode, closing a non-specific adsorption site on the modified electrode with bovine serum albumin, so that a graphene oxide / alpha fetoprotein aptamer electrochemical sensing interface is formed; and taking the modified electrode as a working electrode, and investigating variation, caused by alpha fetoprotein solution with different concentrations, of an impedance signal on the sensing interface by adopting an impedance method. Compared with an existing alpha fetoprotein detection method, the preparation method has the advantages that an alpha fetoprotein aptamer is adopted for analyzing a target protein, harms such as redundant multiple labeling operation, radiation and pollution do not exist, and the sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity, simplicity in preparation, high analysis speed, mild reaction conditions, low preparation cost and the like.

The present invention relates to nanometer rod array electrode, and is especially nanometer metal rod dispersing and self-assembling process of preparing nanometer rod array electrode with best utilization of surface area. The process includes the following steps: dissolving the template for growing nanometer metal rods, adding dispersant to the solvent and ultrasonically treating for well dispersing nanometer metal rods in the solvent, and regulating the concentration of nanometer metal rods to self-assemble nanometer metal rods onto the surface of electrode base in controllable intervals. The nanometer metal rod array electrode has best utilization of the great surface area of the nanometer metal rods, very high diffusion flux and faraday current, and very high electrically catalytic activity.

The invention provides a storage, a forming method thereof and a semiconductor device. On the basis that a first isolation screen and a second isolation screen define a contact window, the top surface of the second isolation screen is lower than that of the first isolation screen, so that the space above the second isolation screen can be utilized, the node contact top can extend in the extension direction of the first isolation screen so that the the second isolation screen can be covered, further a plurality of nodes are arranged in a staggering manner on the upper surfaces of the connection surfaces of the nodes and capacitors, accordingly, the following capacitors can be arranged in the staggering manner, so that not only can the capacitance of the capacitors be improved, but also the dense degree of the capacitor arrangement can be further improved.

A method for electrochemical oxidation decomposition of difficult to decompose compounds like aromatic compounds, organic chlorine compounds, agricultural chemicals, dioxin, PCB and water soluble polymers that are contained in waste fluid, such as print developing waste fluid, factory waste water and industrial waste water of things such as landfill soil seeping waste water by carrying out electrolysis at a high current density to eliminate and purify difficult to decompose substances in the waste fluid. Waste fluid containing difficult to decompose substances is introduced into an electrolytic chamber with an anode that is a ferrite electrode, electrolysis is performed at a high current density of 10 A / dm2 or higher, hypohalogenous acid and active oxygen are generated in the waste fluid along with a strong anode oxidation action being brought about, and the oxidation decomposition is repeated by re-circulating the waste fluid through a filter, electrolyzer and intermediate collecting chamber.

The invention provides a system for processing a nanostructure on the surface of an electrode for a battery by utilizing a femtosecond laser. The system for processing the nanostructure on the surface of the electrode for the battery by utilizing the femtosecond laser comprises a femtosecond laser device, an acoustooptic modulator, a reflecting mirror system, a polarization controller, a laser scanning system and a lens, wherein the femtosecond laser device is used for providing a femtosecond laser pulse; the acoustooptic modulator is used for controlling the on / off of the femtosecond laser device and the repetition frequency of the femtosecond laser pulse; the reflecting mirror system is used for guiding the femtosecond laser into the polarization controller; the polarization controller is used for controlling the polarization state, on the surface of a to-be-processed electrode, of the femtosecond laser; the laser scanning system is used for controlling the light spot of a laser to form a pattern on the surface of the electrode; the lens is used for focusing the femtosecond laser pulse on the surface of the electrode. According to the system for processing the nanostructure on the surface of the electrode for the battery by utilizing the femtosecond laser, the nanostructure on the surface of the electrode of the battery is processed by utilizing the femtosecond laser; the superficial area of the electrode can be drastically improved; thus, the effective contact between the surface of the electrode and an electrolyte is greatly enhanced; the diffusion of ions is increased; the capacity of the battery is increased; a charging speed is quickened; the service life is prolonged; moreover, the production cost, which is brought about by an existing high-temperature high-vacuum technique, of the battery is greatly decreased; the yield is improved.

A process for preparing boron hydride from the metaborate by electrolytic method features that catalytically hdyrolzying alkali-metal boron hydride to generate hydrogen and metaborate as by-product, and electrolyzing the metaborate to generate boron hydride again, forming a cycle. The boron hydride used as hydrogen source of fuel battery features high electrochemical speed, long charge-discharge life, and low cost.

A monolithic three-dimensional electrochemical energy storage system is provided on an aerogel or nanotube scaffold. An anode, separator, cathode, and cathodic current collector are deposited on the aerogel or nanotube scaffold.

A continuous electrolyzed oxidizing / reduction water generator device includes an electrically insulative housing which is an acid, alkali and pressure resistant box with a. water inlet and multiple water outlets on opposing sides, positive and negative electrodes are mounted in the electrically insulative housing in parallel and equally spaced by a cation exchange membrane, and an electric control box to provide high voltage DC across the positive and negative electrodes to oxidize intake water into electrolyzed oxidizing / reduction water. Multiple generator units may be connected in series.

The invention discloses a solar driven device and method for treating wastewater and producing hydrogen by coupling. The device comprises a stereocatalytic electrode reactor and photovoltaic, pipeline, water storage, and hydrogen collection systems, wherein the stereocatalytic electrode reactor comprises a monovalent cation exchange membrane and cathode and anode chambers, and cathode and anode plates are respectively arranged in the cathode and anode chambers; the cathode and anode chambers are respectively filled with supported activated carbon particles to form stereocatalytic electrode anode and cathode groups, and the photovoltaic system comprises a solar photovoltaic panel, a regulated power supply, and a single pole double throw switch; the pipeline system comprises a wastewater inlet and outlet pipe, a wastewater introduction pipe and pump, a wastewater return pipe, a wastewater outlet valve, a dilute alkali liquid introduction pipe and pump, a concentrated alkali liquid returnpipe, and a concentrated alkali liquid outlet pipe and valve, and the water storage system comprises wastewater and alkali liquid storage tanks; the hydrogen collection system comprises a hydrogen tank and an air duct. The solar energy is driven to treat wastewater, the COD removal rate of an effluent is 70% to 80%, and the hydrogen production amount is 1 to 2 L / h.

The present invention relates generally to medical devices; in particular and without limitation, to unique electrodes and / or electrical lead assemblies for stimulating cardiac tissue, muscle tissue, neurological tissue, brain tissue and / or organ tissue; to electrophysiology mapping and ablation catheters for monitoring and selectively altering physiologic conduction pathways; and, wherein said electrodes, lead assemblies and catheters optionally include fluid irrigation conduit(s) for providing therapeutic and / or performance enhancing materials to adjacent biological tissue, and wherein each said device is coupled to or incorporates nanotube structures or materials therein. The present invention also provides methods for fabricating, deploying, and operating such medical devices.

A semiconductor substrate cotains a semiconductor substrate and an inter-layer insulating film formed on the substrate. The inter-layer insulating film contains contact pads formed in the insulating film. Capacitor lower electrodes are connected electrically to the contact pads. The lower electrodes comprise the pad-shaped storage nodes electrically connected to the contact pads and the cup-shaped storage nodes arrayed on the storage nodes. According to such a method, a capacitance can be increased, reducing not-open contacts, and the leanings of the storage nodes can also be decreased.

Electropurification of contaminated aqueous media, such as ground water and wastewater from industrial manufacturing facilities like paper mills, food processing plants and textile mills, is readily purified, decolorized and sterilized by improved, more economic open configuration electrolysis cell designs with electrodes comprising a plurality of conductive porous elements in electrical contact with one another. The cells may be divided or undivided, and connected in monopolar or bipolar configuration. When coupled with very narrow capillary gap electrodes more economic operation, particularly when treating solutions of relatively low conductivity is assured. The novel cell design is also useful in the electrosynthesis of chemicals, both organic and inorganic types, such as hypochlorite bleaches and other oxygenated species.

The invention discloses a lead acid storage battery electrode. The lead acid storage battery electrode comprises a current collector and an active substance, wherein the electrode is provided with at least one stable void which is not filled with the active substance and runs through or does not run through the interior of the electrode, the size of the stable void in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the electrode and penetrating into the electrode is greater than one tenths of the thickness of a flat electrode, a winded electrode and a bipolar electrode, or greater than one tenths of a radial length of a tubular electrode and a columnar electrode, the total area of the stable void contacting the surface of the active substance is greater than the total area of the stable void not contacting the surface of the active substance, and a minimum appearance size of the stable void is greater than an average aperture of the porous active substance of the electrode. The invention also discloses a lead acid storage battery comprising the electrode, and a manufacturing method, component and device of the electrode. By adopting the lead acid storage battery electrode, the performances of the lead acid storage battery electrode and the battery such as the specific surface area, specific energy and the like are remarkably improved.

A process for preparing boron hydride from the metaborate by electrolytic method features that catalytically hdyrolzying alkali-metal boron hydride to generate hydrogen and metaborate as by-product, and electrolyzing the metaborate to generate boron hydride again, forming a cycle. The boron hydride used as hydrogen source of fuel battery features high electrochemical speed, long charge-discharge life, and low cost.

The invention relates to a supercapacitor in the field of microcapacitors, in particular to a TiO2 / NiO three-dimensional inter-digital microelectrode and a preparing method of the microelectrode. According to the preparing method of the electrode, at first, an insulating layer is oxidized on the surface of a silicon substrate, then a metallic titanium layer is sputtered, the micromachining technology is used for preparing a titanium three-dimensional inter-digital microelectrode body, the microelectrode body is placed into an HF solution to be oxidized in an anodic mode to form a well-aligned TiO2 nanotube array, NiO is prepared in TiO2 nanotubes through an electrolytic deposition method, and finally the three-dimensional inter-digital microelectrode body with a NiO active material is filled with a KOH electrolyte. The principle that a TiO2 nanotube material with the high specific surface area and NiO can react in a reversible redox mode in the KOH electrolyte is utilized for designing a three-dimensional inter-digital microelectrode structure of a pseudocapacitance mechanism, and specific capacitance of a capacitor is greatly increased compared with a traditional sandwich structure.

The embodiment of the invention discloses an electric flocculation device. The electric flocculation device comprises an electrolytic tank, wherein the electrolytic tank is internally provided with a cathode plate and an anode plate, and at least one bipolar electrode is also arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate; and the electric flocculation device is characterized in that the bipolar electrode is a bulk metal electrode, the bulk metal electrode is placed in a load bearing component, and the load bearing component is provided with a through hole. Through the using of the bulk metal electrode, the surface areas of the electrodes are greatly increased, and thus the electrodes are not easy to passivate.

A continuous electrolyzed oxidizing / reduction water generator device includes an electrically insulative housing which is an acid, alkali and pressure resistant box with a water inlet and multiple water outlets on opposing sides, positive and negative electrodes are mounted in the electrically insulative housing in parallel and equally spaced by a cation exchange membrane, and an electric control box to provide high voltage DC across the positive and negative electrodes to oxidize intake water into electrolyzed oxidizing / reduction water. Multiple generator units may be connected in series.

The invention relates to an electrochemical preparation device, preparation method and application of Fe < 2 + > / Fe < 3 + > hydroxide. The electrochemical preparation device is used for preparing theFe < 2 + > / Fe < 3 + > hydroxide and comprises a reactor, wherein an iron-containing anode, a porous electrode, a cation exchange membrane and a cathode are sequentially arranged in the reactor from outside to inside, and the porous electrode is attached to the inner side of the iron-containing anode; the water inlet end is positioned at the bottom of the reactor, and the water outlet end is positioned at the top of the reactor. The electrochemical preparation method comprises the following steps: introducing direct-current voltage to an anode and a cathode of a reactor; introducing a NaCl solution into the water inlet end at a certain flow rate; introducing argon into the effluent, and continuously aerating the system until the oxygen is fully removed; and washing the precipitate with oxygen-free water for multiple times to obtain the Fe < 2 + > / Fe < 3 + > hydroxide. The method is low in production cost, high in yield, simple in process and capable of rapidly and efficiently preparingthe Fe < 2 + > / Fe < 3 + > hydroxide and applying the hydroxide to water environment restoration.