The present invention relates to an inorganic-based neutralization-proof, water-proof, and erosion-proof paint composition for a floor finish material, capable of being applied, without a primer, in a wet state with a concrete water content of 100%, and a method for applying a neutralization-proof, water-proof, erosion-proof flooring material, using the composition. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an inorganic-based neutralization-proof, water-proof, and erosion-proof flooring material paint composition and an application method using the same, the composition being applied directly on a concrete structure without a primer, even in a wet state with a water content of 100%, and thus having excellent impact resistance, air permeability, and slip resistance. The method of the present invention comprises a foreign substance removing step for removing foreign substances on a base surface of a concrete structure; a wetting step for creating a wet state by spraying water, 1-2 hours before application of the composition, on the base surface of the concrete structure from which the foreign substances have been removed; and a paint film-forming step for forming a paint film by coating and curing an inorganic-based flooring material paint composition on the base surface of the concrete structure provided in the wet state, wherein the inorganic-based flooring material paint composition comprises, with respect to 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution phase, 200-300 parts by weight of an inorganic powder, the aqueous solution phase being an acrylic aqueous solution having a solid content of 15-50 wt%, and the inorganic powder comprising, with respect to 100 parts by weight of a binder powder, 45-70 parts by weight of a silica powder, 15-22 parts by weight of an inorganic pigment, 0.5-4 parts by weight of an alumina cement, 0.31-0.5 parts by weight of a polycarboxylate (PC) based dispersant, 0.2-0.4 parts by weight of a powder antifoaming agent, 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of a surface stabilizer, and 0.05-0.1 parts by weight of a bentonite.