The invention relates to a particle damping and vibration reduction machine tool. The machine tool includes a machine tool structural part, a cavity (2) is arranged in the machine tool structural part, and damping particles (3) are sealed and filled in the cavity (2). The machine tool structural parts include a machine tool bed (1), a machine tool top beam (4), a machine tool column (5), a machine tool beam and a machine tool reinforcement beam. In the present invention, not only the steel plate welding technology is used to manufacture a large machine tool bed, but compared with the traditional casting processing technology, it has the advantages of relatively simple manufacturing process, short processing and manufacturing cycle, low cost, and saving metal materials; it can also significantly reduce the vibration of the machine tool amplitude, and has the advantages of small changes to the original structure and small additional mass, which not only ensures the machining accuracy of the machine tool, but also saves a lot of metal materials, reduces manufacturing costs, and plays the role of energy saving and emission reduction.