2921results about How to "Improve science" patented technology

The invention relates to a safety monitoring early warning and safety management system of oil and gas extraction and gathering operations as well as a method thereof, belonging to the technique field of safety production monitoring and supervision, and the system is composed of a monitoring center arranged at an oil and gas extraction safety monitoring and management department and a plurality of on-site monitoring terminals disposed at all oil and gas extraction operation areas. The method comprises: collecting and transmitting safety-related parameter signals, video signals and audio signals in real time; implementing the analog-digital conversion or signal conversion and compression coding to the signals; then transmitting the signals to all hosts of the monitoring center; processing and analyzing the received three types of signal information by all the hosts and then carrying out the parameter monitoring, video monitoring and audio communication respectively; and outputting the processed three types of information to the spot for being controlled correspondingly. The invention can realize the risk assessment, dynamic intelligent monitoring, safety state analysis, accident early warning and alarming, safety guarantee control and safety management of the whole process of operations ranging from oil and gas extraction, heating, separation processing, storage to transportation for oil and gas production enterprises.

The invention discloses a device for detecting the mechanical property of a multifunctional film, comprising a sample stage, a loading mechanism for applying pressure on a film sample, a measuring mechanism for detecting the pressure applied on the film sample and deformation and a computer. The invention uses a digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) to measure film deformation, and combines two mechanical test methods of a bubbling method and a modified layer removal method, thus conveniently, rapidly and accurately measuring a pressure-deformation curve or a corrosion thickness-deformation curve; and mechanical properties of a film and a coating are extracted in terms of a corresponding theoretical model, thus being suitable for detecting the mechanical properties of tool films, decorative films, polymeric films and films of other types in various elastic-plastic systems.

The present invention relates to a smart agriculture monitoring system based on a Web of Things. The system includes a CPU, connected with a smart sensor, a smart adjusting and controlling device, a real-time image and video monitoring apparatus, a transmission apparatus, an alarm system and a terminal; the CPU is connected with the smart sensor, the smart adjusting and controlling device, the real-time image and video monitoring apparatus, the transmission apparatus, the alarm system and the terminal via the wireless network controlling system; and the smart agriculture monitoring system is powered via a solar energy powering apparatus. The Web of Things agriculture smart detection and control system can greatly increase manufacturing and managing efficiency, save manpower, and can conveniently provide a strong scientific data theoretical support to aspects such as various agricultural fields or researches; and the important function thereof is obvious in the highly automated and intelligentized society.

The invention discloses a traveler home-work location identification and trip chain depicting method based on mobile phone signaling data, and belongs to the field of analysis of transportation planning data. The method comprises the steps of: triggering an information database by communication network records provided by a mobile network operator; after cleaning, integrating and calculating by using a position conversion algorithm, converting the data of the operator into a reference dataset; aiming at each user, converting the dataset into a mobile time-space trajectory, identifying stopover points, high frequency points and long time points in the mobile time-space trajectory, and on the basis, identifying home-work locations, activity target locations and insignificant stopover points; and finally depicting a closed trip chain of the user by being combined with the mobile time-space trajectory. The traveler home-work location identification and trip chain depicting method based on mobile phone signaling data has the advantages of being conductive to reducing trip survey costs of residents, obtaining more precision trip characteristics of crowds with different identities, and thereby allowing the traffic demand forecasting to be more accurate; and 2, being conductive to improving scientificity of planning layout construction, such as transport corridors, public transit networks and traffic facilities, in urban traffic planning.

The invention discloses a remote monitoring and intelligent control system and method of an agricultural greenhouse based on an M2M framework. The system comprises an information acquisition module, an M2M network transmission module, a service monitoring module, an expert decision module, a system display module and a remote control module. The method comprises: firstly, deploying a plurality of environmental parameter sensors in a glasshouse to collect key information; then, in an M2M mode, sending the key information to a centered platform via the Internet or the 3G network; storing, displaying and analyzing data in the centered platform; combining with a crop model and an expert system to output decision information; and issuing a control order via the Internet or the 3G network. The system can avoid the limitation of the local automatic control system of the common greenhouse and realizes the situation that the production in a plurality of greenhouses is supported on one platform, thus the system has good expansibility and supports scale application. The system provides the means for checking systems and issuing orders on the Internet and a mobile terminal, is convenient and can transmit information by the broadband Internet and the 3G communication network.

The invention provides an exoskeleton type upper limb rehabilitation robot, comprising a five-degree-of-freedom or three-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm, an auxiliary mechanism and a control system. In the five-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm, a cross arm, a big arm and a small arm are sequentially connected in series to constitute an outreaching / adduction degree of freedom of a shoulder joint, a bending / stretching degree of freedom of the shoulder joint, and a bending / stretching degree of freedom of an elbow joint; the big arm and the small arm are respectively blocked by an arc-shaped sliding rail to respectively constitute an inwards rotation / outwards rotation degree of freedom of the shoulder joint and the inwards rotation / outwards rotation degree of freedom of a wrist joint; and the three-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm comprises three degrees of freedom of the shoulder joint. The auxiliary mechanism comprises a mobile base, servo stand columns and a saddle-shaped seat. The heights of the mechanical arm and the seat relative to the mobile base are respectively regulated by the two stand columns. By matched usage of mechanical limiting and electronic limiting, the rehabilitation safety of a patient is guaranteed. A display device placed before a patient seat can simulate training states under different scenes, and the training states can serve as input signals to control a virtual training game so as to improve the rehabilitation effect of the patient.

The invention relates to a method for rapidly detecting pipeline body defects, which comprises the followings steps sequentially: 1) getting the specification, a support system, an anti-corrosion layer, the temperature, the corrosion degree, the pipeline layout and the historical information of a pipeline to be detected; 2) selecting a sensor ring, cleaning the surface of the pipeline to be detected, and inspecting and calibrating a detection system; 3) detecting each section of pipe on the ground only once, investigating with emphasis if problems are found, and determining detection times and positions of the buried pipelines according to different anti-corrosion layers and transmission media; 4) analyzing and diagnosing: labeling the basic properties of the pipeline, calibrating curves, comparing reflected signals and detection data in different positions, analyzing the variable frequency, diagnosing in a method of analyzing data in the same position in a superposition mode, observing the circumferential positions of the defects and classifying the degrees of the defects; and 5) determining a verification test pit and a detection test pit and analyzing pipe sections in the detection test pit according to diagnosis results, marking the positions of the defects, observing corrosion condition, measuring thickness, and finely scanning the defects to determine the positions, the properties and the sizes of the defects.

The invention relates to a system and a method for open intelligent management of a laboratory. The system comprises a server and a client, wherein the server comprises a university level platform node server and a plurality of college level platform node servers; the university level platform node server performs data communication with a university shared data base through a data communication module and a synchronous module, and performs data communication with the college level platform node servers through the data communication module; the client is connected with the server through a campus network inside a university and through the INTERNET outside the university; and the client comprises a laboratory management control system and an intelligent laboratory management system. The method comprises the management of experiments or experiment courses specified in a teaching program and the management of open experiments or equipment usage outside the teaching program. According to the invention, all-day open of the laboratory can be realized, and the working efficiency of laboratory management personnel can be greatly improved.

The invention relates to the field of medicine, in particular to an augmented reality operation navigation system for reconstructing anterior cruciate ligament. The system is constituted by augmentedreality glasses, operation navigation software for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament, binocular vision, labeling needles, femur joint labels, tibia joint labels, a computer and vision tracking software, wherein the operation navigation software, the binocular vision, labeling needles, femur joint labels, tibia joint labels and the computer are installed on the augmented reality glasses, and the vision tracking software is installed on the computer. Before an operation, diagnosis image CT data and MRI data are subjected to image fusing and division processing, three-dimensional reconstruction is conducted, and a reconstructed three-dimensional model is subjected to pre-operation planning; in the operation, the labeling needles are adopted to collect knee joint dissection joints,the collected knee joint dissection joints and the pre-operation knee joint model are rectified, and according to labeling of the tibia and femur, the knee joint three-dimensional model and a planning path are displayed in real time in the augmented reality glasses. According to the augmented reality operation navigation system for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament, precise locating of the starting point and the ending point of the anterior cruciate ligament can be achieved, the problem that an existing endoscope technique operation is narrow in vision is solved, and the operationrisks are effectively lowered.

The invention relates to a control system device based on interconnection of various networks for a large-scale live pig culturing environment and an environment factor parameter control method. The device of the invention comprises a data acquisition and transmission layer, a data analysis and storage layer and a data use and sharing layer which communicate with each other by a wired or wireless mode to realize data acquisition, analysis and remote control. On the monitoring field, the system adopts a self-organizing intelligent control network formed based on wireless sensor network interface nodes, or adopts a collection and control system of field unit environment factor parameters formed based on field bus interface nodes and a field monitoring terminal; information interaction between the control field and a remote center monitoring terminal is realized by the wired or wireless mode through multiple interface gateways; and the networks of the overall system have various information interactive modes, thereby improving the flexibility, reliability and economy of structural design of the control system.

The invention relates to a scientific gymnasium, a scientific fitness system and a scientific fitness method. The scientific fitness system comprises the scientific gymnasium, a family fitness room and outdoor fitness auxiliary equipment. The scientific gymnasium comprises a registration unit, a body detection unit, a fitness scheme disposal unit, a fitness guide unit and fitness terminal equipment, wherein the registration unit and the body detection unit collect identity information and physique data of an exerciser, the fitness scheme disposal unit generates a fitness scheme according to the identity information and the physique data in combination with exercise data, the fitness guide unit invokes the fitness scheme and presets the state of a fitness terminal, and the fitness terminal equipment is used by the exerciser to exercise in the preset state, records the exercise data of the exerciser and transmits the exercise data to the fitness scheme disposal unit so that the fitness scheme can be updated. The scientific gymnasium, the scientific fitness system and the scientific fitness method enable the exerciser to obtain scientific fitness guide economically and are beneficial to popularization of scientific fitness and monitoring of national physique data.

The invention relates to an intelligent decision simulating experimental system based on multi-Agent technology, belonging to the crossed field of computer simulation, artificial intelligence and management experiment, and being the breakthrough and the development of a management experimental methodology and an intelligent decision support system on the concept, the theory, the technology and the function. The system is a large-scale experimental platform for carrying out simulation assisted prediction and decision on discrete events in management activities of the real world. In the method, an isomerized Agent and the group collaboration thereof are creatively used as leading roles of transparent processing of a decision experiment and a system simulation, four functional sub-systems, four layers of Agent system structures and four types of local databases are established, and predictions and decisions of four simulating experimental methods are applied to unify a system module. The invention is based on an internet, synthetically uses several new technologies of cloud computing and the artificial intelligence, increases functions of games of strategy, machine planning, knowledge discovery and logic self-building, and has super experimental capability. The invention is a new way for developing the management experimental technology and the intelligent decision support system.

The invention discloses a clinical acupuncture evidence-based decision support system and an application method thereof. The system comprises a data preprocessing module, a data importing and updating module, an electronic medical record module, a diagnosis decision-making module, a treat decision-making module, a system auxiliary module, a result output module and a databank. According to the system, decision-making mechanisms of the evidence-based medicine are blended into a decision-making scheme of a CDSS (Clinical Decision Support System), the evidence utilization is used as the core, an electronic medical record technique is embedded into a clinical acupuncture diagnosis and treat process so as to integrate an evidence-based databank and a data mining model, a clinical acupuncture evidence-based auxiliary support system in which the evaluation, storage, analysis and utilization of acupuncture research evidences are integrated is established, and a convenient and rapid man-machine interaction platform is provided for the effective utilization of the acupuncture research evidences. With the adoption of the system, the requirements of doctors in the overall clinical diagnosis and treat process are met well, and the alternative thinking process of diagnosis and treat is effectively supported, so that a treat scheme which is proposed finally is an optimal scheme obtained from literature evaluation, so that the clinical acupuncture evidence-based decision support system has relatively high clinical adaptation.

The invention relates to an automatic planning method of a steelmaking and continuous casting heat batch plan and a system thereof, belonging to the IT field and including the following steps: 1, data collection; 2, construction of model; 3, optimization solution; 4, outcome assessment; 5, human-computer interaction; 6, sending down for executing. All indexes of the heat batch plan result obtained by adopting mathematical model and optimization algorithm of the invention are superior to that of the heat batch plan result obtained by the existing on-site manual planning pattern, in addition, the planning time (about 5 minutes) of the automatic planning method of the invention is far shorter than the planning time (about 2-3 hours) of the manual planning pattern. Therefore, the automatic planning method of the invention improves the scientificity of the traditional manual planning pattern, enhances planning level and quality, solves the problem of low efficiency in the manual planning pattern, and provides a scientific method for planning the on-line heat batch plan on a computer integrated manufacturing system in a steel enterprise.

The present invention relates to a method for increasing bone growth in teeth and / or other craniofacial regions of a subject. This method includes administering to the jaw and / or teeth of the subject a mechanical vibration having a frequency of 10 to 1000 Hz with an acceleration peak of 0.1 to 2.00 g and that can produce a low magnitude strain of 1 to 50 microstrain in the jaw and / or teeth. The present invention also relates to devices that deliver high frequency, low magnitude force to the teeth.

The invention belongs to the field of on-line monitoring technology of insulative condition of SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) gas insulated electric equipment, and in particular relates to a gas insulated electric equipment partial discharge multi-source joint detection method. The detection method mainly comprises the steps of preparing a test, cleaning a stainless steel cylinder, filling with SF6 gas, performing an industrial frequency AC SF6 gas PD test, pulse current detection, ultrahigh frequency sensor detection, fluorescent optical fiber sensor detection, discharge gas collection and component detection and the like. The detection method provided by the invention is simple in operation, liable to promote, and provides references for multi-dimensional information joint detection method. The detection method is widely applied to SF6 gas insulated electric equipment partial discharge multi-sensor joint detection under the condition of power frequency, and provides a simple test scheme for multi-dimensional information extraction of PD (Potential Difference) decomposition characteristics and a decomposition theory.

The invention relates to an asphalt mixture life prediction method considering a fatigue-creep interaction damage effect, and belongs to the field of road engineering. The method comprises the following steps: (1) determining a complex modulus of an asphalt mixture under the action of a period load; (2) determining a damage variable of the asphalt mixture; (3) building a creep damage equation and a fatigue damage equation of the asphalt mixture respectively; (4) building an asphalt mixture life prediction model under the combined action of creep damage and fatigue damage. Compared with a conventional asphalt mixture life prediction method, the viscoelastic behavior of the asphalt mixture is considered and a more accurate prediction model is built. The method accurately describes asphalt mixture damage failure process and rule, has the advantages of wide application range and reliable calculation results, and provides a more reliable method for structural design of an asphalt pavement.

The invention discloses a vehicle automatic-drive switching device and method based on distracted driving behavior distinguishing. The device comprises a detection unit and a control unit. The input end of the detection unit is connected with a speed sensor, a three-axis acceleration sensor, a steering wheel turning angle sensor, a steering wheel gripping force sensor, a touch sensor, a ranging sensor, a heart rate sensor, a vehicle data recorder and a GPS. The control unit receives significant variable data and time data of a timer, establishes the relation between vehicle automatic-drive probability dependent variables and distracted driving behavior index independent variables on the basis of a logistic regression model, and works out the vehicle automatic-drive probability. Whether given conditions are met or not is judged through a judging condition I and a judging condition II of a condition judging program, if the judging condition I is met, an automatic early-warning control switch is triggered, and if the judging condition II is met, a vehicle automatic-drive control switch is triggered.

The invention relates to raindrop triggering type runoff automatic sampling device and a method, which can be used for carrying out regular-time automatic monitoring on storm runoffs in the environment monitoring field or the water and soil conservation field. According to the sampling device, the whole sampling device is controlled to be started through a raindrop triggering device; when rainfall reaches a set value, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) can start a step motor, a water pump and a peristaltic pump in sequence according to steps and time intervals which are set in advance, so as to collect runoff water samples in different periods and point locations and assign to corresponding sample bottles for storage. By being arranged near a riverway for sampling in advance, the raindrop triggering type runoff automatic sampling device can automatically collect the runoff water samples in an unattended operation during rainstorm, so that the outdoor sampling difficulty of rainstorm runoffs is greatly reduced, and the labor intensity of the sampling staff is reduced. Furthermore, the raindrop triggering type runoff automatic sampling device further has the advantages of high sampling reliability, low production cost and compact structure.

The invention discloses an on-line recognition method of the road traffic congestion state, relating to a traffic information processing method which comprises the following steps of: acquiring interval traffic parameter data and location traffic parameter data; transmitting the data back to an information processor; analyzing the traffic parameter data through the information processor by adopting the on-line recognition method; and determining the congestion conditions, the congestion time and the spatial diffusion range of each road section by using the acquired interval traffic parameter and the location traffic parameter for serving other subsystems of a traffic management and control system. The invention provides real-time and reliable traffic state information for the traffic management and control system of the road as well as an important information base for the science of the traffic management decision and the traffic travel decision.

The present invention provides a multi-robot task allocation method based on multi-objective optimization. A weighted summation mode is adopted to carry out modeling on a time utility objective and an energy utility objective and the time utility objective and the energy utility objective are optimized so as to implement multi-robot task allocation; energy utility is used for evaluating energy consumption of robots in the task completing process; and time utility is used for evaluating time consumption of the robots in the task completing process. According to the method, an evaluation mechanism of two factors, i.e. the time consumption and the energy consumption, can be effectively shown in the multi-robot task completing process, and thus, computing time is short and the optimal multi-robot task allocation scheme set can be rapidly obtained, so that task allocation time is greatly reduced and task completing efficiency is improved. According to the present invention, the problem of task allocation in a multi-robot system is more comprehensively and more systematically solved, a task allocation result quality quantitative evaluation index based on the mechanism is increased and improvement on scientificity and reasonability of a task allocation result is realized.

The invention provides an urban business center and retailing format concentrated area identification method based on POI data. The method comprises the steps that interest point data serve as study objects, the spatial range and the distribution situation of an urban business center are identified through a kernel density method; hot spot areas of retailing activities are detected by combining local space associated indexes, and the distributional difference of retailing format concentrated areas is further explored by taking a central urban area as a study area. The urban business center and retailing format concentrated area identification method based on the POI data has the advantages of being large in data volume and strong in real-time performance, the objectivity and the accuracy of business center hot spot recognition and retailing format concentrated area characteristic analysis can be improved, and a novel data source is provided for business space layout analysis within an urban scale; the method is beneficial for further clearing and defining a business network layout goal and improving the scientificity of government department commercial planning and retailer site selection preliminary study.

The invention relates to a method, device, storage medium and computer device for planning a laser cutting path, wherein the part information and layout information of a part to be cut are obtained; numbering processing on the part to be cut is carried out so as to obtain a serial number combination; according to the number combination, the part information and the layout information, the information of a shortest cutting path is obtained; according to the number combination, part information and layout information corresponding to the information of the shortest cutting path, the cutting pathis planned to obtain the path planning information. By carrying out numbering and combination on the part to be cut, after calculating the length of the cutting path corresponding to each combination, a combination corresponding to the shortest path is selected as the optimal part cutting sequence and the path planning is carried out so as to ensure the integral cutting path is the shortest, so that the laser cutting time is shortened, the laser cutting efficiency is improved, and the scientificity and the rationality of the laser cutting path planning are improved.

A high-speed rail train driving method based on the section profile passenger flow includes the following steps that high-speed rail station information is obtained through a high-speed rail network operating system firstly, and a high-speed rail network is divided into a plurality of sections; the stop modes of high-speed rail trains are determined according to multiple grades; the O-D (origin-destination) demands of each section are classified according to the stop modes; the historical data about the actual O-D demands of each section are obtained, and the time varying demand of each type of O-D in each section is obtained through a linear second exponential smoothing prediction method; on the basis, the driving scheme unit of each section is made according to the sequence of the trains from the high grade to the low grade; all the driving scheme units are spliced and combined to form an initial train driving scheme; and finally, the scheme is adjusted to meet various restraint conditions and optimized through a simulation annealing algorithm, and each high-speed rail train is driven according to the optimization result. The high-speed rail train driving method based on the section profile passenger flow takes the benefits of the high-speed rail system and the passenger demands into account, and can improve the running benefits of the high-speed rail system.

The invention relates to a method for monitoring surface subsidence of areas along urban subways. The method is combined with multi-source SAR data and timing InSAR technological means, and specifically comprises following steps: acquiring high-medium-resolution SAR image data of a monitoring range covering the areas along the urban subways in the same period; establishing interval division of theareas along the urban subways; extracting deformation information of the areas along the urban subways from multi-source data with the timing InSAR technology; evaluating interval division and precision of subsidence of the areas along the urban subways. The method reflects combination value of timing InSAR technology and SBAS-InSAR technology very well and shows the prospect of different-sourcedata combined connection, and a high-precision and high-accuracy inverse result of surface subsidence of the intervals along the urban subways under the absence of other back-check conditions is obtained. The interval evaluation for the surface subsidence of the areas along the urban subways is the innovative characteristic of the method, and effective and reliable technical support is provided for discovery and control of subsidence disasters of the urban subways.

The invention relates to a numerical value simulation and numerical value calculation method for an overall process of debris flow. By researching on a debris flow formation process and mechanism, debris flow channel material starting, and a debris flow movement accumulating process numerical value calculation method, and by constructing a debris flow dynamic process and an engineering regulation and control numerical value simulation platform at the same time, the scientificity and reliability of the research on the dynamic process of the debris flow can be improved, so that technological support is supplied for debris flow disaster alleviation and better service is supplied for the debris flow disaster alleviation; dynamic characteristic of debris flow slurry and big stones are taken into full consideration in a proposed debris flow movement model; a concept of interchange rate of materials of debris flow and a movable bed is introduced initially; and corrosion of debris flow along the way and disaster scale change are taken into consideration to form the debris flow formation-movement-accumulation numerical value simulation and numerical value calculation method based on the overall process. By adoption of the numerical value simulation and numerical value calculation method, the scientificity and reliability of the research on the dynamic process of the debris flow can be improved, so that technological support is supplied for debris flow disaster alleviation and better service is supplied for the debris flow disaster alleviation.

The invention discloses a comprehensive assessment method for the operation effect of a power grid side energy storage power station, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an energy storagepower station operation effect assessment index system, and determining a to-be-assessed scheme set; According to the actual operation data of each power station, calculating and extracting evaluation indexes of all schemes in the scheme set to be evaluated of each power station to form an initial decision matrix, and performing standardized processing to obtain a normalized decision matrix; Adopting an analytic hierarchy process to obtain a subjective weight vector of the evaluation index, adopting an entropy weight method to determine an objective weight vector of the evaluation index, andobtaining a comprehensive weight vector of the evaluation index through a game theory combination weighting method; And comprehensively evaluating the operation effect of each power station. The constructed index system has scientificity, applicability and operability, the selected indexes are high in applicability, and calculation is easy; The actual operation effect of the power grid side energystorage power station is comprehensively evaluated from many aspects, and a basis is provided for planning construction, scheduling operation control and the like of a subsequent energy storage project.

The invention relates to a big data based bus route time table collaborative optimization method, and belongs to the technical field of urban bus operation management. Bus GPS (global positioning system) data, bus IC (integrated circuit) card data and route station data are fused and processed into a bus time table to provide actual operation based data support, and a bus time table optimization model considering rail transit transfer is provided. The model takes departure intervals at each time period as decision variables, takes minimum total system cost as an objective function, and comprehensively considers waiting time cost of non-transfer passengers, waiting time cost of transfer passengers and operating cost of bus operating enterprises. Passenger flow data are obtained through multi-source data fusion, a lot of manpower is saved, and accuracy in data is improved. By the consideration of routine bus system and rail transit transfer, reasonability in bus time table preparation is improved. A data model is set up to optimize the bus time table, waiting time cost of passengers and enterprise operating cost are both taken into consideration, and coordination in passenger and enterprise profits is realized.

The invention discloses a driver seat self adaptive adjusting device based on physical characteristics of a driver. The driver seat self adaptive adjusting device comprises a gravity sensor, a driver body size identification system, a driver sitting posture angle identification system, an adjusting control system, a drive system and a storage system. According to the driver seat self adaptive adjusting device based on the physical characteristics of the driver, the physical characteristic parameter affecting the driver seat adjusting mode is monitored from a plurality of aspects in real time, influence of the driver individual differences on the sitting posture angle recognition is eliminated, the precision is high, and the accuracy is better. Meanwhile, the driver seat self adaptive adjusting device has a memory function, automatically stores the physical characteristics information of the driver and a matching seat adjusting scheme, automatically match the existing adjusting program to adjust according to the physical characteristics of the driver, and has higher timeliness and convenience.