The invention belongs to the field of instrument detection, and provides a parallel low-light-loss backlight high-temperature industrial endoscope. The parallel low-light-loss high-temperature backlight industrial endoscope comprises an optical eyepiece used for obtaining an image in a furnace, a light source luminous part, a light source drive circuit, a communication circuit, an image guide fiber bundle, a light guide structure, an imaging chip, an imaging drive circuit, a cooling system and a shell. The shell comprises a circular tube and a square shell body. The light guide structure comprises an ellipsoidal concave mirror, a round convex lens and a light guide light path, wherein the ellipsoidal concave mirror is arranged on the rear portion of the light source luminous part, and the round convex lens is opposite to the light source luminous part. The front end of the circular tube is provided with the optical eyepiece and a backlight hole, and an image obtaining probe is connected with the imaging chip through the image guide fiber bundle. A novel backlight technology is provided, an original light-guide fiber backlight mode is converted into a parallel light direct backlight mode, the structure of the light path is simplified, the utilization rate of light energy is improved, the backlight area and brightness are increased, constrains to backlight light sources are eliminated, and the parallel low-light-loss high-temperature backlight industrial endoscope is suitable for various light sources, improves stability of equipment and reduces equipment cost.