The invention discloses a permissioned blockchain constructing and controlling method based on a Chameleon hash function, wherein the method relates to the field of network security technology. The method comprises the following steps of 1, defining a blockchain control mechanism and initializing the permissioned blockchain according to the blockchain control mechanism; 2, packing transaction records of a block in the network for forming a new block, and adding the new block into the permissioned blockchain; and 3, monitoring the blocks in the permissioned blockchain according to the blockchain control mechanism, and controlling the blocks which do not accord with the blockchain control mechanism. The permissioned blockchain constructing and controlling method realizes global real-time monitoring of all nodes to malicious information and error transaction information on the block; any accessing node can report the error block to the verifying node; controlling of the whole permissionedblockchain by the verifying node is realized through constructing the permissioned blockchain; In a partially de-centering environment, controlling of the permissioned blockchain is realized. All verifying nodes perform effective modification on the blocks through calculating Chameleon hash collision and DBFT consensus, thereby realizing high safety and high controllability of the permissioned blockchain.