39results about How to "Difference can be detected" patented technology

Methods for determining transcription rate of mRNA in eukaryotic cells using nuclear runoff transcription where labeled RNA molecules are hybridized against an array of at least 500 nucleic acid molecule probes representing at least part of the genome of the native eukaryotic organism to identify the quantity of nascent mRNA transcripts in said cells. The method can be used to simultaneously identify the quantity of a large number of mRNA transcripts. A rate of degradation for distinct mRNA in a eukaryotic cell rate is determined by comparing a steady state mRNA with nuclear runoff mRNA. Steady state to nuclear runoff ratios are used to determine gene and mRNA structure function relations that leads to gene expression and mRNA stability, predict structural determinants for mRNA stability and predict regulatory motifs for transcription rates. Methods of constructing recombinant organisms with enhanced stability for mRNA expressed from a gene of interest comprise introducing into the genome of an organism a gene containing one or more sequence elements that confer structural stability on mRNA transcribed from said gene.

A turbojet thrust reverser includes two doors each displaceable between an open position and a closed position of the reverser by at least one respective control actuator. Two electric motors drive the control actuators for the doors; each motor being controlled by an electronic control unit connected to a full authority digital engine control. Two servo-control devices control the displacement of the doors as a function of determined position references. The servo-control devices enable the doors to be displaced synchronously as a function of any variation in the forces exerted on the reverser and as a function of any force difference between the two doors.

The invention concerns a wideband modulator using a PLL synthesizer, which can match the frequency characteristic and prevent degradation in modulation accuracy even in the presence of a variation in the manufacture of circuit components. In a wideband modulator which modulates the division ratio of a frequency divider by using a modulating signal generated by a modulating signal generator and outputs a modulated carrier signal from a VCO, calibration data from a calibration data generator are input via a selector. The amplitude value of an ac component of each modulating signal, either appearing on the output of a loop filter or demodulated by a demodulator, is converted to a digital value by way of an A / D converter. The difference between the two is detected and a control signal FCR to eliminate the difference is generated in order to correct the frequency characteristic of a PLL or a pre-distortion filter.

A plasma apparatus of processing a wafer disposed in a processing chamber using plasma includes one window, another window, a light receiving unit, a light source, and an optical branching unit which is disposed between the light source and the other window, branches light emitted by the light source to an optical path toward the processing chamber and an optical path in other direction, and reflects light in the processing chamber from the other window, and a detection unit which detects the light having been emitted from the plasma and received by the light receiving unit using one branched light and other branched and reflected light. The apparatus processes the wafer according to a condition for the processing which is adjusted based on a result of the detection.

A comprehensive analysis procedure for analyzing and comparing multiple sets of data to detect hidden discriminatory data patterns. The inventive procedure identifies a best subset of markers for optimal discrimination between two or more sets of data. A point-wise test on two or more sets of data is performed to calculate test statistic values and to generate a statgram, a two- or higher- dimensional map of the test statistic values along the range of data. A threshold is then determined for isolating critical regions of the statgram at each significance level to provide candidate markers. A subset of markers from the candidate markers is then selected to discriminate among the sets of data. The two or more sets of data are classified using the subset of markers.

A plasma apparatus of processing a wafer disposed in a processing chamber using plasma includes one window, another window, a light receiving unit, a light source, and an optical branching unit which is disposed between the light source and the other window, branches light emitted by the light source to an optical path toward the processing chamber and an optical path in other direction, and reflects light in the processing chamber from the other window, and a detection unit which detects the light having been emitted from the plasma and received by the light receiving unit using one branched light and other branched and reflected light. The apparatus processes the wafer according to a condition for the processing which is adjusted based on a result of the detection.

A semiconductor memory device includes: a memory cell having a gate electrode formed on a semiconductor layer via a gate insulating film, a channel region disposed below the gate electrode, a diffusion region disposed on both sides of the channel region and having a conductive type opposite to that of the channel region, and memory functional units formed on both sides of the gate electrode and having a function of retaining charges; and an amplifier, the memory cell and the amplifier being connected to each other so that an output of the memory cell is inputted to the amplifier.

A bioswitch is described which includes a long-lived emitter such as a lanthanide luminophore for time gated detection of ligand binding without interfering background signal.

Separation of macromolecules by one-dimensional or two-dimensional methods, such as gel electrophoresis, produces an array of macromolecules, which can be transferred to a support, thereby producing the same array as on the gel. In the case of one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, because of the regular spacing of the gel lanes and the predictable direction of migration of the macromolecules, the positions of the macromolecule spots or bands in the array can be predicted to be at least within the area of the support corresponding to the lanes of the gel. Where the molecular weight of a macromolecule of interest is known, molecular weight markers can be used to determine where the macromolecule band is on the support, even if the macromolecule is not stained in the gel or on the support. Assays that reveal characteristics of the macromolecule can be carried out by spotting reagents onto the support in a series of microspots of small volume in a line which intersects the macromolecule band, and which corresponds to the line of the direction of migration of the macromolecules on the gel. Appropriate detection methods can be applied, depending on the reagent, to see the results. The steps for locating the bands of macromolecules, applying reagents, and detecting the effect of the reagent on the macromolecule can be automated in an appropriate instrument.

Methods for determining transcription rate of mRNA in eukaryotic cells using nuclear runoff transcription where labeled RNA molecules are hybridized against an array of at least 500 nucleic acid molecule probes representing at least part of the genome of the native eukaryotic organism to identify the quantity of nascent mRNA transcripts in said cells. The method can be used to simultaneously identify the quantity of a large number of mRNA transcripts. A rate of degradation for distinct mRNA in a eukaryotic cell rate is determined by comparing a steady state mRNA with nuclear runoff mRNA. Steady state to nuclear runoff ratios are used to determine gene and mRNA structure function relations that leads to gene expression and mRNA stability, predict structural determinants for mRNA stability and predict regulatory motifs for transcription rates. Methods of constructing recombinant organisms with enhanced stability for mRNA expressed from a gene of interest comprise introducing into the genome of an organism a gene containing one or more sequence elements that confer structural stability on mRNA transcribed from said gene.

Provided is a method for detecting the expression of SMN protein, said method comprises:a step for labeling SMN protein in a sample, said sample containing nucleated cells derived from blood;a step for labeling the nuclei of the nucleated cells in the sample;a step for selecting a cell population of the nucleated cells in which nuclei and SMN protein are labeled; anda step for detecting the expression of the SMN protein on the basis of the label for the SMN protein in the selected cell population.

A transmission for electric bicycles to detect a torque applied to a pedal crank shaft, includes a pedal crank shaft upon which the torque acts, a hollow shaft configured to connect to an output, through which the pedal crank shaft extends coaxially, and which is supported rotatably with respect to the pedal crank shaft, a sensor shaft offset in parallel with respect to the pedal crank shaft and a force sensor connected to the sensor shaft. The transmission includes a drive-side sensor transmission and an output side sensor transmission. The drive-side sensor transmission connects the pedal crank shaft to the sensor shaft and the output-side sensor transmission connects the sensor shaft to the hollow shaft, which is configured to be connected to an output, and the drive-side sensor transmission has a gear ratio which differs from the gear ratio of the output-side sensor transmission. A corresponding method is also described.

The present invention relates to a method for classification of an organ in a tomographic image. The method comprises the steps of receiving (102) a 3-dimensional anatomical tomographic target image comprising a water image data set and a fat image data set, each with a plurality of volume elements, providing (104) a prototype image comprising a 3-dimensional image data set with a plurality of volume elements, wherein a sub-set of the volume elements are given an organ label, transforming (106) the prototype image by applying a deformation field onto the volume elements of the prototype image such that each labeled volume element for a current organ is determined to be equivalent to a location for a volume element in a corresponding organ in the target image, and transferring (108) the labels of the labeled volume elements of the prototype image to corresponding volume elements of the target image.

There is disclosed a method of handling a given object class in an object-oriented environment, wherein it comprises, in response to the invocation of the given object class during runtime, the steps of: determining if the version associated with the given object class differs from a predefined minimal version and if so: (a) generating a new version of the object class from the previous version of the object class by invoking an interface method migrating an object class from a version to another; (b) extending the new object class by updating pointer links to the previous version of the given object class. The previous version of the object class may be maintained accessible after the object migration.