The invention discloses an artificial environment control system with an ultra-micro unmanned aerial vehicle and an operation method of the artificial environment control system. The system comprisesa temperature and humidity sensor, an ultra-micro unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle lifting platform, an intelligent control center, a remote jet nozzle, an air supply outlet, a radiant heating and cooling system, an active cold beam, a moisture absorption device, an air purifier, an all-air system, a fan coil system and a fresh air system; a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an infrared radiation temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor and an air quality sensor are arranged on the ultra-micro unmanned aerial vehicle; and the system further discloses an operation methodof the artificial environment control system with the ultra-micro unmanned aerial vehicle. The multi-parameter movable type measuring technology and comprehensive air conditioner tail end equipment are adopted, the indoor environment can be accurately controlled, the human body heat comfort degree of indoor personnel is remarkably improved, the heat preservation fault diagnosis of the air conditioning system, the air supply system and the enclosure structure can be carried out.