178 results about "Internal feedback" patented technology

A packaged LED array for high temperature operation comprises a metal base, the metal base including an underlying thermal connection pad. One or more layers of ceramic overly the metal base. The array includes a plurality of LED dice, each LED die having electrodes. And, the LED thermally coupled to the metal base. A driver circuit is electrically connected to the LED die electrodes and controls the LED array current. An LED driver is mounted within the LED array package, and thermally coupled to the metal base. In a second embodiment, one or more of the LED dice can be switched from the driver to a measurement circuit and used as a photodetector to measure the light output of the LED array. The measured photodetector signal can further be used as a feedback signal to control the LED array light output.

Devices, systems, kits and methods for increasing the skin's permeability controlled by measured skin electrical parameter are described herein. They may be used for transdermal drug delivery and / or analyte extraction or measurement. The controlled abrasion device contains (i) a hand piece, (ii) an abrasive tip, (iii) a feedback control mechanism, (iv) two or more electrodes, and (v) an electrical motor. The feedback control mechanism may be an internal feedback control mechanism or an external feedback control. The kit contains the controlled abrasion-device, one or more abrasive tips, optionally with a wetting fluid. The method for increasing the skin's permeability requires applying the controlled abrasion device to a portion of the skin's surface for a short period of time, until the desired level of permeability is reached. Then the abrasion device is removed, and a drug delivery composition or device or an analyte sensor is applied to the treated site.

A system and method for controlling an internal combustion engine for low emissions include an inner feedback control loop to control the engine fuel / air ratio with feedback provided by a first exhaust gas sensor and an outer feedback control loop that modifies a reference fuel / air ratio provided to the inner feedback control loop based on feedback signals provided by a second exhaust gas sensor positioned downstream relative to a portion of the catalyst and a third exhaust gas sensor positioned downstream relative to the second exhaust gas sensor. Catalyst gains are determined by modeling the catalyst as an integrator with an unknown gain and estimating the catalyst gain based on the exhaust gas sensors with the gain used to monitor catalyst performance and / or modify the engine fuel / air ratio.

An optical system comprising two or more optical switches co-packaged together comprising discrete sets of input fiber ports (N per set) and an output fiber port (1 per set), and wherein λn from said set of multiple input fiber ports (N) is focused on λn mirror via the use of shared free space optics, wherein at least a first array of MEMS mirrors is utilized to select and switch selected wavelengths from the first set of input fiber ports (N) to an output fiber port of the same set, and wherein at least a second array of MEMS mirrors using and sharing the same free space optics is utilized to select individual wavelengths or spectral components from its input fiber ports to send to its output fiber port for optical power or other monitoring purposes, thus, enabling an N×1, or alternatively a 1×N switch capable of internal feedback monitoring.

A hearing aid circuit includes a correlation detector that detects correlation at a feedforward path input and that provides a correlation output to a phase shifter. The phase shifter introduces a phase shift along a feedforward path. A phase measurement circuit measures a phase shift at a feedforward path input, and provides a phase measurement output to an internal feedback processor. The internal feedback processor adjusts internal feedback as a function of the phase measurement to suppress coupling of external audio feedback along the feedforward path.

Devices, systems, kits and methods for increasing the skin's permeability controlled by measured skin electrical parameter are described herein. They may be used for transdermal drug delivery and / or analyte extraction or measurement. The controlled abrasion device contains (i) a hand piece, (ii) an abrasive tip, (iii) a feedback control mechanism, (iv) two or more electrodes, and (v) an electrical motor. The feedback control mechanism may be an internal feedback control mechanism or an external feedback control. The kit contains the controlled abrasion-device, one or more abrasive tips, optionally with a wetting fluid. The method for increasing the skin's permeability requires applying the controlled abrasion device to a portion of the skin's surface for a short period of time, until the desired level of permeability is reached. Then the abrasion device is removed, and a drug delivery composition or device or an analyte sensor is applied to the treated site.

The invention discloses a PFM / PWM dual-mode switching light-adjusting LBD driving circuit, which comprises a voltage reference module, and a dual-mode switching light-adjusting module, a constant voltage module and a driving module which are respectively connected with the voltage reference module; the voltage reference module is used for supplying power for each module and generating the voltage references in each module; the dual-mode switching light-adjusting module is used for generating the adjustable or the dutyfactor-adjusting square signals to control the constant voltage module according to the outer signal variation; the constant voltage module is used for generating the voltage to control the driving force of the driving module, and utilizing the internal feedback structure to ensure the stability of the voltage value; and the driving module is used for generating the constant driving current with the big enough peak value to satisfy the LBD lightening. The LBD driving circuit can supply the brightness adjusting function the same as the PWM light adjusting, and can switch to the PFM pattern under the low brightness condition at the same time, so as to effectively improve the whole efficiency of the driving circuit.

A human extender controller for interface between a human operator and a physical object through a physical plant. The human extender controller uses an inner-feedback loop to increase the equivalent damping of the operating system to stabilize the system when it contacts with the environment and reduces the impact of the environment variation by utilizing a high feedback gain, determined by a root locus sketch. Because the stability of the human extender controller of the present invention is greatly enhanced over that of the prior art, the present invention is able to achieve a force reflection ratio 500 to 1 and capable of handling loads above the two (2) ton range.

Devices, systems, kits and methods for increasing the skin's permeability controlled by measured skin electrical parameter are described herein. They may be used for transdermal drug delivery and / or analyte extraction or measurement. The controlled abrasion device contains (i) a hand piece, (ii) an abrasive tip, (iii) a feedback control mechanism, (iv) two or more electrodes, and (v) an electrical motor. Preferably the feedback control mechanism is an internal feedback control mechanism. In this embodiment, the abrasive tip contains two electrodes, i.e. both the source electrode and the return electrode. In another embodiment, the feedback control mechanism is an external feedback control. In the preferred embodiment for external feedback control, the device contains a co-axial or concentric arrangement of the two electrodes. In this embodiment, the abrasive tip contains the source electrode and the return electrode is located at the proximal end of the hand piece. The abrasive tip can be made of any material with a surface that can abrade skin. The material can be conductive or non-conductive. The controlled abrasion device may be provided in a kit, where the kit contains the device, one or more abrasive tips, optionally with a wetting fluid. The method for increasing the skin's permeability requires applying the controlled abrasion device to a portion of the skin's surface for a short period of time. The desired level of skin impedance, and thus the resulting permeability of the treated site, can be set at a predetermined value. Alternatively, the level of skin impedance can be selected based on the desired level of skin integrity, the subject's sensation of discomfort, or the duration of the application. The device contains a control mechanism which uses an appropriate algorithm or signal processing on the conductivity information provided by the electrodes to determine when the desired level of skin permeability has been reached. Once the desired level has been reached, the abrasion device is removed and either a drug delivery composition or device or an analyte sensor is applied to the treated site.

A general automated method for synthesizing the design of both the topology and parameter values for controllers is described. The automated method automatically makes decisions concerning the total number of signal processing blocks to be employed in the controller, the type of each signal processing block, the topological interconnections between the signal processing blocks, the values of all parameters for the signal processing blocks, and the existence, if any, of internal feedback between the signal processing blocks within the controller. The general automated method can simultaneously optimize prespecified performance metrics (such as minimizing the time required to bring the plant outputs to the desired values as measured by the integral of the time-weighted absolute error or the integral of the squared error), satisfy time-domain constraints (such as overshoot, disturbance rejection, limits on control variables, and limits on state variables), and satisfy frequency domain constraints (bandwidth).

A method and system for controlling the dynamics of an actuatable load operable within a servo or servo-type system, wherein the dynamics of the load are controlled by way of a unique pressure control valve configured to provide intrinsic pressure regulation, thus eliminating the need for electronically or mechanically user controlled systems. The pressure control valve, which may be referred to as a dynamic pressure regulator, utilizes dual spools that are physically independent of one another and freely supported in the valve body to regulate the pressures acting within the overall system between the control or pilot pressure and the load or load pressure. The dual spools function in cooperation with one another to maintain a state of equilibrium in the system, namely to keep pressure acting on or within the actuator (the load pressure), or the feedback pressure corresponding to the load pressure, the same as the pilot pressure.