The invention discloses a method for detecting the quality of oranges in different maturity on the basis of a taste-smell fingerprint spectrum. The method comprises the following steps of washing the oranges, peeling the oranges, juicing the oranges, and obtaining the orange juice; carrying out an electronic nose experiment: placing the filtered orange juice in a closed vessel, standing, detecting an overhead air by adopting an electronic nose, extracting characteristic data from the smell fingerprint spectrum, and adopting the extracted characteristic data as an original data of the electronic nose part; carrying out the electronic tongue experiment: placing the filtered orange juice in a special beaker for an electronic tongue, enabling an electronic tongue sensor array to contact sample liquid, generating a sensor response signal, extracting characteristic data from the taste fingerprint spectrum, and adopting the extracted characteristic data as the original data of the electronic tongue part; processing response values from different systems in three different preprocessing methods, so that the generalization capability of a model can be improved. By adopting the method, the high-efficient data fusion of the taste and smell fingerprint spectrum can be realized, the quality of the orange in different maturity can be directly, conveniently, objectively and rapidly evaluated and predicted, and the popularization and application value is relatively high.