The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring flame form and temperature synchronously. According to the method, the transient flame form is detected with high-speed schlieren, and the flame temperature is detected with TDLAS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy); detection zones of the high-speed schlieren and the TDLAS are focused in the same detection zone in a constant-volume combustion bomb respectively, the high-speed schlieren and the TDLAS are controlled synchronously by a digital delay generator, and synchronous detection for the flame form and temperature in thetransient flame propagation process is realized. The device comprises the visual constant-volume combustion bomb, a light source, a pinhole diaphragm, an achromatic Fourier transform lens, an adjustable diaphragm, a high-speed camera, a laser, a laser driver, a function generator, an etalon, a reflector, a photoelectric detector, a data acquisition unit and the like. According to the device and the method, the problem about synchronous measurement for the transient flame form and temperature is solved, the clear flame form is obtained with the high-speed schlieren, the high-temporal-resolution flame temperature is obtained with the TDLAS, and combustion characteristics of transient flame are researched through combination of two results of the flame form and temperature.