The invention discloses a coal body permeability characteristic testing system. The coal body permeability characteristic testing system comprises an electronic universal testing machine, a permeability characteristic testing device, a vibration detecting device, a first gas system, a confining pressure hydraulic system and a computer, wherein the permeability characteristic testing device consists of a lane simulating mechanism and a lane ambient environment simulating mechanism; the lane simulating mechanism comprises a baffle, a breathable plate, a coal rock sample and a U-shaped clamping sleeve; the lane ambient environment simulating mechanism comprises a base, a cylinder tube, a lower pressing head, an upper half concave surface pressing head, an upper half convex surface pressing head and a piston; the first gas system comprises a first gas tank, a first pressure reduction valve and a first gas pressure meter; the confining pressure hydraulic system comprises a confining pressure liquid tank, a hydraulic pump, a unidirectional valve, a confining pressure hydraulic meter and a confining pressure liquid overflow valve. The invention also provides a coal body permeability characteristic testing method. According to the coal body permeability characteristic testing system and method, the axial pressure, the confining pressure and the methane gas pressure are controllable, the gas permeability characteristics influenced by disturbance of a lane coal rock body and a coal mine deep part coal rock body can be tested, and the testing precision is high.