Provided is a method for dynamic allocation of Map / Reduce data processing platform memory resources based on prediction. The allocation method comprises the steps of initialization, task memory resource use prediction, task memory resource release, task memory resource adding and backtrack. In the method, against the characteristic of obvious fluctuation of the memory resource use amount during the Map task and Reduce task running process, according to historical records of the memory use amount during the Map task and Reduce task running process, a linear regression and t test method is adopted, task memory use rules are calculated, the memory amount needing to be used in task follow-up operation process is predicted, the memory allocation amount of a Map task and a Reduce task which are in running is dynamically added or reduced according to the predicted task memory use amount, so that the use efficiency of the Map / Reduce data processing platform memory resources is effectively improved, and the execution efficiency of Map / Reduce operation is improved.