The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a steel-aluminum composite conductor rail, comprising the following steps of: a) preparing an aluminum rail: preparing an I-shaped aluminum rail by a mould through hot extrusion molding, wherein the two side surfaces of the upper end of the aluminum rail are provided with grooves; b) prefabricating a C-shaped stainless steel strip: cutting a stainless steel coil into stripy stainless steel strips, and cold bending and rolling by a cold bending unit to form a stainless steel strip with a C-shaped section, wherein the formed stainless steel strip comprises a base part, a first bending part, a second bending part and a clip part, the first bending part is formed by extending from the two sides of the base part and bending downwards, the second bending part is formed by extending from the first bending part and bending inwards, and the clip part is formed by extending from the second bending part; and c), compounding the C-shaped stainless steel strip and the aluminum rail, wherein the clip parts at two ends of the C-shaped stainless steel strip are embedded in the grooves on the two sides of the upper end of the aluminum rail, and the C-shaped stainless steel strip is completely attached to the upper part of the aluminum rail. According to the method in the invention, the stainless steel strip and the aluminum rail are closely combined, the combined surface is large, the transition resistance is small, deformation is not liable to occur after forming, a local heating mode is adopted during rolling compounding to facilitate forming, machining is not needed after rolling forming, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.