208results about How to "Quick closure" patented technology

The invention provides a metal salt-free sealing agent for an aluminum alloy anodic oxide film, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy anodic oxide film post treatment. The sealing agent of the invention is prepared by water solution composed of 1.0-10g / L of a hydration accelerator, 0.01-2g / L of a wetting agent, 0.01-3g / L of an ash inhibitor and 1-15g / L of a pH buffering agent, wherein the pH of workpiece fluid is 5.5-6.5, the operating temperature is 70-90 DEG C, and the sealing speed is 1.0-2.0min / um. The metal salt-free sealing agent creatively adopts organic compounds which are easily subject to biodegradation, does not contain any metal ions of nickel, cobalt, magnesium, calcium, lithium and the like as well as fluorinions, and obtains satisfactory sealing effect of the nano-pores of the aluminum alloy anodic oxide film by virtue of the scientific and coordinated component formula of the water solution; the aluminum alloy anodic oxide film obtained by seal treatment through the sealing agent has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, capability of meeting the requirements of GB 14952.1-94, good light-protection and color-protection properties of a film layer, no ash and pruina, no water stain after drying as well as light flowing color and small color difference change in case of sealing the organic dyeing film; and the metal salt-free sealing agent is widely applicable to sealing treatment of an original-color anodic oxide film, an electrolytic coloring anodic oxide film, a hard oxide film and a dyeing anodic oxide film.

The invention provides a horizontal, full-automatic plate-frame type filter press, which adopts a double hydraulic cylinder to open the plate frame and utilizes a steadying bar fixed on a movable end to jack up a bearing bar hanging a filter cloth at the same time; after a filter cake is unloaded, a shower nozzle of a shower holder on the top of a bracket is used for spraying the water for washing all the filter cloths; the method adopts two cylinders to decrease pressure stroke, to reduce the cylinder volume and overcome the problems of uneven stress on the plate frame and non-tight sealing; by utilizing the movement of the hydraulic cylinder to hoist the filter cloth, the equipment is saved; by utilizing a plurality of shower nozzles to wash all the filter cloths simultaneously, a cleaning process is accelerated; by utilizing a supporting frame structure, the filter cloth can be replaced conveniently; by adopting a steel wire rope to control the supporting frame, the installation and the adjustment are very easy and convenient; the method has the advantages of simple structure, material saving and time saving, and fully utilizes a basic motive force to finish the entire pressing process without manual intervention, thereby improving handling capacity.

The invention discloses a novel method for preparing a cold-resistant and seawater-resistant aqueous filmforming foam extinguishing agent. According to the formula, the cold-resistant and seawater-resistant aqueous filmforming foam extinguishing agent consists of the following raw materials in part by weight: 300 to 400 parts of composite burn resistance agent, 6 to 10 parts of sodium benzoate, 50 to 100 parts of urea, 5 to 9 parts of xanthan gum, 200 to 400 parts of amphoteric hydrocarbon surfactant, 20 to 40 parts of alkyl polyglucoside (APG), 80 to 200 parts of glycol, 30 to 60 parts of butyl cellosolve, 10 to 30 parts of FC115710, 20 to 60 parts of FC120320, 20 to 40 parts of low-molecular-weight fluorinated surfactant, and 20 to 60 parts of buffering agent. The product prepared by the method is low in cost, and suitable for fresh water and seawater; and after the agent and the seawater or the fresh water are mixed in a use mixing ratio, the foam property and the extinguishment performance of the agent change slightly, the expansion rate of foam is high, 25 percent liquid drainage time is long, the foams are stable, the extinguishment speed is high and the burn resistance performance is good.

The invention discloses a tunnel shallow-buried excavation reserved core soil improved CRD construction method. According to the tunnel shallow-buried excavation reserved core soil improved CRD construction method, a whole tunnel section is divided into an upper left step cavity, an upper right step cavity, a lower left step cavity and a lower right step cavity, the two upper step cavities are merged to enlarge the cavity space, an upper step is excavated with the core soil reservation method, an arch steel frame is formed immediately, then a temporary inverted arch is constructed, a ring is formed through fast sealing, and then a middle partition wall and the two lower step cavities are constructed properly according to the excavation process of all cavities. The tunnel shallow-buried excavation reserved core soil improved CRD construction method has the advantages that mechanical construction is facilitated, working efficiency is high, and the construction period is short.

The invention discloses a seawater-resistant insoluble aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof. The extinguishing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300-400 parts of deionized water, 6-10 parts of sodium benzoate, 20-80 parts of urea, 5-9 parts of xanthan gum, 100-400 parts of Cocamidopropyl betaine, 20-60 parts of APG, 80-200 parts of ethylene glycol, 20-60 parts of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 10-50 parts of F1157, 10-50 parts of F1203, 10-60 parts of F1460 and 20-60 parts of a buffer agent. The seawater-resistant insoluble aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent is used for being mixed with seawater for fire extinguishing and has the advantages of low viscosity, high fire-extinguishing speed, high expansion rate, stable property, long storage time and the like.

The invention relates to an environment modifier for disinfection with dry powder. The modifier is prepared from adsorbent, disinfectant and environment modifier and has multifunctional dry powder formula for disinfecting the piggery, removing peculiar smell in the piggery, preventing neonate pigs from infecting diseases, reducing the humidity in the piggery, drying the neonate pigs rapidly so as to eat colostrums quickly to obtain immunity, preventing endometritis of sow, treating wound, preventing piglet from fighting as a result of ablactation and reducing the diarrhea. The environment modifier for disinfection with dry powder is simple to use, has high efficiency and little use amount, is environment-friendly, has no residual toxicity, remarkably improves the weight and the survival rate of piglet, greatly reduces the working capacity and labour cost and provides guarantee for environment disinfection and epidemic prevention.

The invention discloses an excavation and support method of large cross-section tunnel through fault fracture zone. The initial support structure of tunnel comprises a whole cross-section support system and the lattice girder and shotcrete support structure of the tunnel. A temporary support structure of middle-partition wall is arranged between a left pilot tunnel and a right pilot tunnel. The actual construction includes the steps: 1, excavation of the upper tunnel body; 2, the judgment of the initial support deformation of the tunnel arch wall and the construction of the replacement arch; 3, excavation of the lower tunnel body. The excavation and support method of large cross-section tunnel through the fault fracture zone has reasonable design, simple construction, and good use effect.Only the upper half section of the tunnel is excavated by the center diaphragm method, and the excavation cross-section is reduced so that the stability of the arch roof is ensured. The whole cross-section support system and the temporary support structure of middle-partition wall are supported by the underpass beam and joined together to form a stable monolithic support system, which can avoid the sinking of the supporting arch and ensure the stability of the initial support effectively. Besides, the construction of replacement arch is conducted on only half cross-section of the tunnel and the cost can be saved, and the construction safety can be ensured.

The present invention relates to a smart card body, a smart card, and a manufacturing process for the same, and in particular to smart cards used for subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards. To improve a process for the manufacture of a smart card body and a process for the assembly of a smart card in such a manner that a simple and adaptable process can be achieved for the manufacture of a smart card, a process for the manufacture of a smart card body for incorporating a semiconductor chip is described, wherein the process comprises the formation of a lead frame in a conductive layer, wherein the lead frame has first contacts on a first surface and can be connected to the semiconductor chip on a second surface opposite the first surface, and the formation of a electrically insulating casing layer on the second surface of the smart card body, wherein the casing layer has a recess for incorporating the semiconductor chip.

The invention provides a construction method and support mould for tunnel primary support. The movable support mould is adopted in tunnel primary support construction; a mould cavity is formed betweenthe support mould and the tunnel excavation face; the support mould moves with the outline of the tunnel excavation face as the moving track; the mould cavity used for forming a tunnel primary support concrete layer is formed through joint cooperation of the movable support mould and the tunnel excavation face; the mould cavity is filled with concrete added with an accelerator, and after the concrete at the bottom of the mould cavity is initially solidified, the support mould moves towards a next station step by step; when the support mould moves, a mould cavity which is newly formed by the support mould in the moving process and the tunnel excavation face is continuously filled with concrete added with an accelerator; and finally, the whole tunnel primary support concrete layer is formed. The construction method and support mould have the beneficial effects that the working time is short, efficiency is high, the using quantity of the accelerators is small, springback is avoided, flatness is high, smoothness is achieved, unevenness is avoided, attractiveness is achieved, and after-treatment is not needed.

The invention discloses a construction method of a large-section tunnel crossing fault fracture zone. The construction tunnel cavern is divided into a tunnel upper cavern body, a tunnel lower cavern body and a tunnel bottom cavern body from top to bottom; the tunnel upper cavern body comprises a left pilot tunnel and a right pilot tunnel; the tunnel lower cavern body is divided into a left cavernbody, a left-middle cavern body, a right-middle cavern body and a right cavern body from left to right; practical construction comprises the following steps: (I) excavating the tunnel upper cavern body; (II) excavating the tunnel lower cavern body; (III) excavating the tunnel bottom. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, convenience in construction and good using effect; only the upper half section of the tunnel is excavated by median septum excavation, thus the excavation section is reduced, and the vault stability is guaranteed; moreover, the left and right pilot tunnels have enough space and thus the construction is facilitated; meanwhile, a full-section support system and a mid-partition temporary support structure are both supported through lower bearing beams and are connected to form an overall support system with a stable structure, thus sinking of the primary support arching can be avoided while the stability of primary support is effectively guaranteed.

The invention relates to a multifunctional umbrella structure with holes. The multifunctional umbrella structure comprises ribs, an umbrella rod and an umbrella cover. The ribs are connected to the umbrella rod. The umbrella cover is connected to the ribs and provided with the through holes. The through holes are formed in the umbrella cover; when the wind is strong, the umbrella cover is not prone to being lifted up; when the multifunctional umbrella structure is used in the sun, part of sunshine can enter the multifunctional umbrella structure, a small amount of sunshine can be received while the sun-resistant effect is achieved, and the body immunity can be improved.

The invention discloses a tunnel face cavity processing method for shield tunnel construction. The tunnel face cavity processing method for the shield tunnel construction includes steps that 1, primary grouting, to be specific, using a grouting system to fill first cement mortar to the lower part of the cavity from the top to bottom through a soil warehouse, wherein the first grouting size is composed of cement, bentonite, coal ash, sand and water according to the weight ratio of 45-55: 45-55: 180-220: 540-660: 360-440; 2, secondary grouting, to be specific, using the grouting system to fill second cement mortar to the middle of the cavity, wherein the second cement mortar is composed of cement, bentonite, coal ash, sand and water according to the weight ratio of 90-110: 68-82: 200-280: 540-660: 420-500; 3, tertiary grouting, to be specific, using the grouting system to fill cement slurry to the upper part of the cavity. The tunnel face cavity processing method for the shield tunnel construction is simple in steps, reasonable in design, easy and convenient to operate, low in invested cost, good in use effect and capable of solving the problems of a traditional grouting strengthening method.

The invention discloses a breeding base sewage treatment system using an internet of things technology. The breeding base sewage treatment system comprises a grid floatation tank, a comprehensive biochemical pool and a disinfecting tank which are successively connected. The front end of the grid floatation tank is provided with a water inlet. The tail end of the disinfecting tank is provided witha water outlet. The comprehensive biochemical pool comprises a sludge cultivation pool, an adjusting tank, a first co-oxygen generator, an anoxic generator and a second co-oxygen generator which are successively communicated. The water outlet ends of the grid floatation tank and the comprehensive biochemical pool are provided with water quality sensors. The water quality sensors, through connecting with an externally installed controller, and through wirelessly connecting with a far-end terminal device by the controller, are used for sending a monitoring value to the terminal device in real time and displaying. In addition, the controller, through the change of the monitoring value, is used for adjusting hydraulic retention time of the grid floatation tank and the comprehensive biochemicalpool so as to adapt the different inflowing water qualities. The breeding base sewage treatment system is compact in structure. Two serially connected co-oxygen generators can be used for effectivelycombining anaerobic aerobiotic reactions, so the floor area is reduced.

The invention provides a sampling valve comprising a valve body, a valve core, a cylinder body and a piston control assembly, wherein the valve core and the cylinder body are arranged in the valve body, the piston control assembly is arranged in the cylinder body, and the valve body is arranged below the cylinder body and is provided with a feed port and a discharge hole; the upper end of the valve core is connected with the piston control assembly, and the lower end of the valve core is connected and provided with a sealed drain plug which seals the feed port; the valve core is provided with a spacing groove along a valve core shaft; and the inner wall of the valve body is provided with a spacing chuck in sliding fit with the spacing groove. The sampling valve provided by the invention can realize all-around spacing to the valve core and the situation that the external sealing material of the sealed drain plug is damaged because of valve core spinning can not occurred. In addition, the sealed drain plug of the invention adopts the mode of combining ethylene propylene rubber with cheap inside and Teflon with expensive outside to ensure sealed drain plug performance and lower cost thereof at the same time.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnels and discloses a diversion tunnel extremely-weak surrounding rock section construction method. The method includes: adopting a TBM (tunnel boringmachine) pea gravel backfill grouting method to backfill pea gravel; sealing bottom segment non-grouted holes; after pea gravel backfill of segments, timely cleaning pea gravel in two discharging holes A and I of an inverted arch, and adopting specially-made CK microexpansion mortar to block and trowel the holes; grouting a front portion of a TBM rear match; in the middle of the TBM rear match, using specially-made CK mortar to block non-grouted holes according to a certain hole sequence. A bottom-to-front left-right-symmetry grouting method is adopted for lateral and top arch backfill grouting; after grouting is finished, accumulated water and dirt in holes should be eliminated after initial setting of grout in the holes, and the specially-made CK microexpansion mortar is adopted to block, compact and trowel the holes.

The invention discloses an embedded branch grafting method used for fruit tree bare stem branch supplement, and relates to a branch management method for fruit tree cultivation. The embedded branch grafting method is used for bare stem branch supplement of a fruit tree and grafting, main shoot change and variety replacement of a big tree. The method is easy to understand, a scion adopts a mode of one peg and one tongue, a grafting opening combines electric drill puncturing and T-shaped bark opening, after the scion is embedded, not only is a stock-scion very firm before the grafting opening heals, but also large-area contact of a stock-scion forming layer with three planes and five lines can be achieved, the grafting opening healing speed is drastically increased, the scion can quickly and comprehensively blend with a stem, therefore, not only are the grafting survival rate and the success rate of tree body transformation drastically increased, but also labor for binding and supporting a scion branch is saved, accordingly the management cost is drastically saved, not only bark can be separated in spring, but also various stemmed fruit trees can be universally applicable, and the method has more important significance particularly for stone fruit trees such as cherries, peaches and the like of which wound are likely to shed pectin.

The invention relates to a high-water-content municipal solid waste landfill percolate on-site different-position treatment device. Garbage heaps on a landfill are surrounded by a pollution control unit to be isolated from underground water, rain water and air; a percolate collecting unit is located at the lowest sides of the garbage heaps to collect percolate of the garbage heaps; a percolate storage unit is used for storing the percolate of the percolate collecting unit through a pump; a percolate treatment unit is connected with the percolate storage unit through a pipeline to perform advanced treatment to the percolate; a ventilation unit can suck waste gas of the garbage heaps or blow fresh air to the garbage heaps; and a gas recovery or torch combustion treatment unit can purify thewaste gas pumped by the ventilation unit and recovery or combustion treatment are carried out. According to the high-water-content municipal solid waste landfill percolate on-site different-position treatment device, water level of the landfill can be quickly reduced, the generation of garbage percolate can be reduced, degradation of organic materials can be accelerated, and the pollution can be reduced; and rapid close of the landfill can be achieved, the treatment cost is low, and the high-water-content municipal solid waste landfill percolate on-site different-position treatment device is suitable for a garbage landfill accumulated by pit-pond garbage.

The invention discloses a sealing agent and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the field of air purification. According to the adopted technical scheme, the sealing agent is characterized by being prepared from, by mass, 0.1-20% of amido compound, 0.05-10% of film-forming agent and 0-10% of glacial acetic acid. The preparation method comprises the following steps that a reagent is measured by mass percent for usage; a dispersion solution of a solution amido compound and pre-mixed liquid of the film-forming agent and the glacial acetic acid are prepared respectively; the dispersion solution of the amido compound is poured into the prepared pre-mixed liquid, and stirring is performed for 20-40 minutes to obtain the sealing agent. The sealing agent has the advantages of being good in film-forming performance and easy to spread, quickly and efficiently sealing the surfaces of boards, furniture and the like and efficiently purifying air. The preparation method is simple and low in cost, and large-scale industrial production is promoted.

The invention discloses a construction method of tunnel arch rapid installation. The method comprises the steps that an arch is divided into at least two sections according to the arch span needed bya tunnel, one section is the main arch section, the rest sections are auxiliary arch sections, and the main arch section is formed by splicing multiple arch sections outside the tunnel; a multi-trussmain arch section is assembled on a rack outside the tunnel, transverse bars and meshes are welded to the multi-truss main arch section simultaneously, and the multi-truss main arch section forms an integral structure; by means of a hoisting mechanism, the multi-truss main arch section is hoisted to a multi-arch clamping tray of a main arm; an arch machine with the multi-truss main arch section drives in the tunnel and reaches a tunnel face; an arch machine main arm frame lifts the multi-truss main arch section to the mounting position at a time, and an operator stands on the ground or a leftauxiliary arm frame and a right auxiliary arm frame are used for assembling the rest arch sections and the multi-truss main arch section into a whole. Accordingly, by means of the construction process, the construction efficiency can be significantly improved, and labor is saved.

The invention discloses a hemostasis bandage capable of absorbing micropore vacuum polysaccharides and a manufacturing method of the hemostasis bandage. The hemostasis bandage capable of absorbing the micropore vacuum polysaccharides comprises non-woven fabric; the edge of the non-woven fabric is provided with medical pressure-sensitive adhesives; a gelatin sponge is pasted to the surface of the non-woven fabric; the surface of the gelatin sponge is covered with release paper; grooves are formed in the surface of the gelatin sponge; hemostasis particles capable of absorbing the micropore vacuum polysaccharides are inlaid into the grooves; the hemostasis particles capable of absorbing the micropore vacuum polysaccharides come from plant starch; and the hemostasis bandage capable of absorbing the micropore vacuum polysaccharides is obtained through a series of manufacturing steps. The hemostasis bandage and the manufacturing method have the advantages that the hemostasis bandage capable of absorbing the micropore vacuum polysaccharides is convenient to use, high in stability, high in self absorbing capacity, capable of rapidly sealing wounds, free of adhesions with the surfaces of the wounds, suitable for wide hemorrhage wound surface scope and free of limitation of using environments; the hemorrhage of the surfaces of the wounds is effectively controlled; the effect of preventing infections is achieved; and the hemostasis bandage and the manufacturing method are of an important significance in rescuing lives of the wounded.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to an advanced small pipe grouting structure and a construction method thereof. According to an advanced small pipe,quick closure of a primary support can be ensured, a grout stopping wall and the primary support form an integral stress structure and are tightly attached to a tunnel face, so that the stability of the tunnel face is increased, the safety risk of the tunnel face is greatly reduced, and soft rock tunnels and special geological tunnels excavated by blasting are facilitated; and the grouting structure is simple, the application of the grout stopping wall basically does not occupy the application time of the primary support, the grout stopping wall can be applied synchronously with the primary support, the construction speed is high, rapid grouting can be realized, a great deal of time is saved and the construction progress is speeded up compared with the set of the grout stopping wall alone,and grout stopping wall can be used as a part of the primary support without dismantling after the grouting of the advanced small pipe is finished. The advanced small pipe is factory processed, and has convenient and quick installation and grouting. The grout stopping wall is of an integral structure, has good grout stopping effect, can bear large grouting pressure, and greatly ensures the grouting effect of the advanced small pipe.

The invention relates to an intelligent drainage device, an electrical driving module and a hybrid power automobile. The intelligent drainage device is applied to a shell of an electrical driving module of a purely electrical driving vehicle or a hybrid power vehicle, wherein the shell is provided with a drainage hole arranged at the very bottom. The intelligent drainage device comprises a valve used for closing the drainage hole. The intelligent drainage device further comprises a sensor and a control unit, wherein the sensor is arranged in the shell and used for detecting the water level in the shell, a detection result of the sensor is received by the control unit, and the control unit control open and close of the valve according to the detection result. The drainage hole can be quickly closed in a wading environment, thereby preventing inlet of external water, and effectively keeping the internal environment to be dry. Meanwhile, an enough smooth drainage space can be provided when the drainage hole is open, and blockage of a drainage channel is avoided.

The invention relates to an underground coal mine supporting method, particularly relates to a roadway surrounding rock concrete wet-spraying method, and in particular relates to a poor-quality surrounding rock concrete wet-spraying method. The poor-quality surrounding rock concrete wet-spraying method comprises the following steps: respectively sieving stones and sand with a dedicated standard stone sieve and a dedicated standard sand sieve, then mixing cement, stones and sand through a batching machine according to the mass ratio of 1:(1.5-3):(1.5-3); conveying the batched mixed materials to an agitator; adding water in the agitator according to the water-cement ratio of (0.4-0.5):1, agitating to obtain concrete, adding a water reducing agent and a hydrated agent into the concrete, wherein the addition amount of the water reducing agent is 0.8%-1wt% of the cement, and the addition amount of the hydrated agent is 0.3%-2.0wt% of the cement; transporting the concrete to a wet spraying machine, arranged underground, through an anti-explosion tank car; adding an alkali-free liquid-state accelerator into the to-be-sprayed concrete at the spray nozzle of the wet spraying machine by a peristaltic pump through a regulating valve, wherein the addition amount of the alkali-free liquid-state accelerator is 1%-3wt% of the cement, and the concrete is sprayed out from the spray nozzle of the wet spraying machine. According to the poor-quality surrounding rock concrete wet-spraying method, the problem that the supporting effect of the surrounding rock, especially poor-quality surrounding rock is poor by adopting concrete dry spraying can be solved.

The invention discloses a temporary shoring system of tunnel arch wall initial shoring intruding limiting arch replacing construction. The system comprises a temporary inverted arch arranged in a to-be-changed arch section and multiple portal type supporting structures which are arranged from front to back, and the temporary inverted arch is located at the inner side bottom of a tunnel upper portion hole; in the to-be-changed arch section, to-be-changed arch frames are to-be-supported arch frames except an initial replacing arch frame, each to-be-supported arch frame is supported through one portal type supporting structure, the temporary inverted arch comprises multiple temporary inverted arch supporting frames and longitudinal connecting structures, and each portal type supporting structure comprises a portal type supporting frame and a supporting assembly which is arranged on the same tunnel cross section with the portal type supporting frame. The system has the advantages of reasonable design, convenient construction and good using effect, the temporary inverted arch is taken as the basis and the portal type supporting structures are adopted, the structural comprehensiveness ishigh, the foundation is firm, the problems of tilting and collapsing of tunnel arch replacing steel frames can be effectively solved, the arch replacing construction process is safe and reliable, andthe tunnel construction process is not influenced.

The invention discloses high-strength and quick-hardening shotcrete and a soft-rock tunnel surrounding rock closing and strengthening method. The high-strength and quick-hardening shotcrete compriseswater, cement, fly ash, gravel and sand, wherein the weight ratio of the fly ash to the cement is 0.92:0.08, the ratio of the weight of water to the total weight of the cement and the fly ash is (0.35-0.45):1, the ratio of the weight of the gravel and the total weight of the cement and the fly ash is (1.35-1.4):1, and the ratio of the weight of the sand and the total weight of the cement and the fly ash is 2.02:1. The high-strength and quick-hardening shotcrete is high in setting speed, can achieve initial setting within 35min plus or minus 5min, has the cubic average compressive strength being higher than or equal to 20MPa at 4h, has the cubic average compressive strength being higher than or equal to 30MPa at 24h, can timely and quickly close and strengthen an excavated surface, and hashigh early strength. In tunnel construction, the high-strength and quick-hardening shotcrete is sprayed first and then ordinary shotcrete is sprayed, so that effective connection of the low-age strength and the high-age strength of the shotcrete is achieved, and optimization of the functionality and the economy of the shotcrete is achieved.

The invention discloses a method of constructing a center division of an upper bench of a tunnel crossing a stratum fracture zone. Upper bench excavation is performed on a construction tunnel from rear to front so as to obtain an excavated tunnel upper hole; a center division temporary support structure is arranged in the tunnel upper hole; a tunnel primary support structure of the tunnel upper hole includes an arch wall anchor net spray support structure and an arch wall rigid support system. The upper bench excavation includes I, excavating a left guide hole, and carrying out primary supporting; II, excavating a right guide hole and carrying out primary supporting. The method has simple steps, reasonable design, good construction simplicity and good service effect; a tunnel upper half section is excavated by means of a center division method, excavation section is narrowed, and stability of an arch top is guaranteed; both the arch wall rigid support system and the center division temporary support structure are supported via a lower bearing beam and are connected into an integrated stable-structure support system; settling of a primary support arch frame in the upper hole can beavoided, and stability of primary supporting can be effectively guaranteed.

The invention discloses an anchor rod end cavity enlarging device and a construction method thereof and belongs to the field of machines. The anchor rod end cavity enlarging device comprises a head cavity enlarger, a middle rod body, a casing pipe and a middle converter. The middle rod body is connected with the head cavity enlarger and the middle converter in a welded manner. The casing pipe is connected with the head cavity enlarger and the middle rod body through threads. The size of the anchoring end of an anchor rod is expanded in the horizontal direction through the anchor rod end cavity enlarging device, so that the suspending capacity of the anchoring end is effectively improved. A whole set of construction method for using the anchor rod for grouting to reinforce surrounding rock is designed in cooperation with the anchor rod end cavity enlarging device, the supporting capacity for dealing with the soft surrounding rock is effectively improved, and finally safety and stability of underground engineering are guaranteed.