The invention relates to a dynamic characteristic parameter test device of a sliding guide rail junction surface, which can be simplified into a single degree of freedom system. The device comprises a base, an installation platform, a fixed guide rail, a wedge-shaped block, an inlaid strip, a sliding block, a plurality of piezoelectric type acceleration sensors, a vibration exciter, an elastic rope, an impedance head, a stand, a normal force applying bolt, a rubber ring, a charge amplifier, a data acquisition unit, a power amplifier and an electronic computer. Compared with the prior art, thedynamic characteristic parameter test device has the advantages that: the structure is compact, the test principle is distinct, dynamic characteristic parameters of the junction surface under different load states can be measured by adjusting the pretightening force of a normal force applying bolt, the vibration exciting force direction passes through the gravity of the sliding block during measurement so that vibration signals of the sliding block and the base can be measured simultaneously, the influence of the vibration signals of the base is eliminated when a frequency response function of a system is calculated, and the characteristics of high efficiency, high stability and high precision are achieved.