An urban underground engineering simulation test system includes a simulation box, a loading device, a loading oil circuit system, a groundwater simulation system and a data acquisition system. There is a horizontal loading plate in the simulation box, which can move horizontally to load the simulation material horizontally under the drive of the horizontal loading device, and the vertical loading device can load the simulation material vertically. There are several layers of horizontal water inlet pipes in the simulation box. According to the actual situation of groundwater in the underground project, the groundwater level and water pressure of different aquifers are simulated respectively, and the groundwater impact test is carried out. The empty size of the simulation box is 8 cubic meters, and a large-scale simulation test can be carried out. Therefore, this system has the remarkable advantages of realizing complete true three-dimensional hydraulic loading, large-scale simulation, water-soil coupling simulation, automatic loading and data acquisition, strong versatility, and multiple functions. It can realize various urban subway projects, tunnels and underground tunnels. Three-dimensional simulation test of chamber engineering, foundation and foundation engineering, special underground construction method, slope engineering, earth retaining structure, etc.