85results about How to "Low-voltage driving" patented technology

An object of the present invention is to provide a film forming method for forming a film with reduced defect and to provide a film forming method for forming a film with a uniform quality. In addition, another object is to provide a manufacturing method of a light emitting element which can be driven with low voltage. Further, another object is to provide a manufacturing method of a light emitting element with high light emission efficiency. A film with reduced defect and a uniform quality can be formed by fixing a substrate to a substrate holding unit so that at least a part of a surface of the substrate is exposed, evaporating a vapor deposition material from an evaporation source filled with the vapor deposition material, irradiating the vapor deposition material which is evaporated with a laser beam, and depositing the vapor deposition material on the surface of the substrate.

A highly functional and reliable display device with lower power consumption and higher light-emitting efficiency is provided. A light-emitting material is irradiated with light; the light-emitting material irradiated with light is dispersed in a solution containing a binder, and a solution containing the light-emitting material irradiated with light and the binder is formed; a first electrode layer is formed; the solution is applied on the first electrode layer, and a light-emitting layer containing the light-emitting material irradiated with light and the binder is formed; and a second electrode layer is formed over the light-emitting layer, and a light-emitting element is manufactured. An insulating layer may be provided between the first electrode layer and the light-emitting layer or between the second electrode layer and the light-emitting layer.

PCT No. PCT/JP96/01924 Sec. 371 Date May 14, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date May 14, 1997 PCT Filed Jul. 11, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97/03834 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 6, 1997A laminated ink-jet recording head is provided that has a strong joint between the diaphragm and the piezoelectric vibrating element and which can be driven on low voltage. The recording head is of such a design that a lower electrode is provided on the diaphragm in at lest a region that corresponds to said pressure generating chamber, the lower electrode being overlaid with the piezoelectric vibrating element formed by a hydrothermal method, said piezoelectric vibrating element in turn being overlaid with an upper electrode and having a film thickness of not less than 1 mu m but not more than 10 mu m. The invention further provides a process for producing this recording head, as well as an apparatus such as a printer that is equipped with this recording head.

A liquid crystal lens element having a lens function is provided, which is small sized without having moving part, and which can stably carry out correction of spherical aberration containing a power component corresponding to focal point change of incident light.

A liquid crystal lens element which changes a focal length of light transmitted through a liquid crystal 16 according to the magnitude of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal 16 sandwiched between a pair of transparent substrates 11 and 12, which comprises transparent electrodes 13 and 14 provided on the respective transparent substrates 11 and 12 for applying a voltage for the liquid crystal 16, and a concave-convex portion 17 having a saw-tooth-shaped cross-sectional shape having a rotational symmetry about an optical axis and formed on one surface of the transparent electrode 13 with a transparent material, wherein at least concave portions of the concave-convex portion 17 are filled with the liquid crystal 16 so as to change the substantial refractive index of the liquid crystal 16 according to the magnitude of applied voltage.

There has been a trade-off between the rigidity and the mass of a movable section of a microactuator, and also between the rigidity of the movable section and the electrostatic force. A microactuator 100 includes: a base 1; a first comb electrode 2 supported by the base 1; a movable section 6 having a second comb electrode 8 opposing the first comb electrode 2, and at least one reinforcement rib 9 protruding toward the base 1; and an elastic supporting member 3 for supporting the movable section 6 so as to allow the movable section 6 to be displaced with respect to the base 1. The height of the second comb electrode 8 is different from the height of the at least one reinforcement rib 9.

An electrostatic transportation device is provided with a transporting base plate having a plurality of electrodes which generate an electric field which performs transporting and hopping of fine particles by an electrostatic force, wherein a width of each of the electrodes in a travelling direction of the fine particles is set to be in a range of 1 time to 20 times an average particle diameter of the fine particles, a pitch between the electrodes in the travelling direction of the fine particles is set to be in a range of 1 time to 20 times the average particle diameter of the fine particles, and driving waveforms of n phases or more (n is an integer of 3 or more) are applied to respective electrodes.

The present invention provides a light emitting material having high emission efficiency, a light emitting element which can be driven at low voltage, and a light emitting device and an electronic device with reduced power consumption. The light emitting element includes, over a substrate 100, a first electrode 101, a first insulating layer 102, a light emitting layer 103, a second insulating layer 104, and a second electrode 105, in which the light emitting layer 103 includes a light emitting element including zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), manganese (Mn) and sulfur (S).

A liquid-ejecting head includes a pressure-generating chamber communicating with a nozzle opening and includes a piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric layer and electrodes. The piezoelectric layer contains bismuth sodium potassium titanate and satisfies the inequality 0≦P_r/P_m≦0.25 at 25° C., where P_m and P_r are the saturation polarization and remanent polarization, respectively, of the piezoelectric layer.

Provided is an organic EL device having high efficiency and high driving stability while being driven at a low voltage. The organic electroluminescent device includes one or more light-emitting layers between an anode and a cathode opposite to each other. At least one of the light-emitting layers contains a host material and a light-emitting dopant, and (i) a first host formed of an indolocarbazole compound having one or two indolocarbazole rings, and (ii) a second host formed of a carbazole compound having a plurality of carbazole rings and having a bond structure represented by the following general formula (3) are used as the host material.

Disclosed is a serial to parallel conversion circuit in which the shift clock frequency is lowered to close to the frequency on the data line to achieve low power dissipation.

The serial to parallel conversion circuit at least includes a shift register (FF1 to FFn), to the first stage of which is entered a data transfer start signal STPO and which sequentially transfers the data transfer start signal by input shift clock signal, a plural number of latch circuits (LT1 to LTn) receiving signals sequentially output from the shift register as latch clock signal to latch a data signal serially supplied to a data line, and control circuits (Con1 and Con2) receiving at least shift clock signal CLKO supplied to flip-flops and the output signals of the flip-flops. If, in case the output signals of the flip-flops are in active states, the shift clock signal supplied to the flip-flops undertakes a transition to an inactive state, the control circuits reset the flip-flops to inactivate the output signals of the flip-flops. The neighboring ones of the flip-flops sample and output signals entered to the data terminals, using one and the other of the rising and falling edges of the shift clock signal supplied from the clock line. The shift clock signal is operated at a frequency equal to one-half the data signal transfer frequency.